TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



II 



longed or pedicellated. The sides ol the lorica lorm, in side 

 view, a sigmoid flexure with the lower arm prolonged. 



The wall is subuniform in thickness at all levels and 

 approximately o.oi oral diameter in thickness. There is a 

 slight thickening at the neck. The wall is coarsely and 

 irregularly prismatic, with large, ovoid tertiary structure and 

 enclosed secondary prisms. The tertiary prisms are largest at 

 the ambitus of the howl and smaller elsewhere-, especially in 

 the collar; the thin oral rim is hyaline. The lumen, except 

 for the nuchal thickening, follows the outer contour. 



Length, total Sy\l, collar l8ii; diameter, oral J7(i, maxi- 

 mum 530.. 



Codonella grahami is rather uniform in its general char- 

 acters, and the many loricae examined were much alike. The 

 surface meshwork, however, is very variable in the sizes and 

 shapes of the prisms; these may be hexagons, pentagons, or 

 subcircles. 



Codonella grahami resembles C. clongata in general form, 

 but the aboral end is distinctly pointed instead ot evenly 

 rounded. It never has coccoliths, which clongata often has. 

 It bears some likeness to C. aspera, but that species has a 

 more rounded bowl, a rotund aboral end, and a coarser and 

 more irregular prismatic structure; it often includes blobs of 

 alveolar material in its walls, and grahami consistently lacks 

 these. The latter is much narrower and thinner than C. 

 acuta, although both species are aborally pointed; the bowl 

 of acuta reaches its maximum at a lower level than does that 

 of grahami, and it frequently has many large coccoliths, 

 which are lacking in grahami. Codonella grahami also 

 comes from generally cooler waters than do most others of 

 the genus. 



Recorded from five stations in the Pacific, as follows: four 

 (in, 115, 116, 117) in the North Pacific middle latitudes, 

 and one (118) in the East Asiatic marginal sea. 



There are 5 pump and 2 net samples, of which 1 was taken 

 at the surface, 4 at 50 meters, and 2 at 100 meters. Maxi- 

 mum frequency, 6 per cent at stations in, 117; one other 

 record above minimum (4 per cent), from station 117; re- 

 mainder at minimum; averages, 5 per cent and 2 loricae in 

 net and pump samples, respectively. 



Temperature: net samples 8?93~i5?56 (i2?74), pump 

 samples g°jy-ig°.^() (13:55). Salinity: net samples 34.06- 

 34.22 (34.14), pump samples 33.61-34.63 (34.23). Density: 

 net samples 25.89-26.41 (26.15), P um P samples 24.62-26.27 

 (25.62). pH: net samples 7.98-8.06 (8.02), pump samples 

 8.02-8.21 (8.09). 



Type locality, station 117, at 100 meters; latitude 40 20' 

 north, longitude 150 58' east. 



Codonella nationalis Brandt 



Codonella nationalis, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 63, fig. 

 107; Hofker, 1931, pp. 356-357, fig. 30. 



The short, rather stout, potlike lorica, with fairly regular 

 rim, rotund collar, squat bowl, and broad aboral end, has a 

 length of 1.35 oral diameters. The oral margin is thin- 

 edged, minutely but highly regularly denticulate, and located 

 above a variable hyaline band with a width ol approximately 

 0.03 oral diameter. The collar is a segment of an inverted 



funnel (within io°), and the diameter at the neck is 0.89 

 oral diameter. A bare nuchal ledge is present. The plump 

 bowl expands from the neck and reaches its maximum diam- 

 eter of 1.08 oral diameters at the laterally flattened equator. 

 The bowl gently contracts, reaching O.93 oral diameter at 

 o.S> total length below the rim, and then rapidly rounds oil 

 aborally. 



The wall averages 0.04 oral diameter in thickness in the 

 bowl and thins out 111 the collar. There are two layers of 

 large, irregular, rectangular to pentagonal secondary poly- 

 gons; primary alveoles are enclosed by them. The external 

 surface has a network of coarse polygons and enclosed 

 smaller ones. 



Length, 77 to 1 171A. 



Codonella nationalis resembles C. inflata but is more trim, 

 with greater nuchal constriction, less wide bowl, and Hatter 

 aboral end. Codonella tropica and C. cuspidata have pointed 

 aboral ends, as does also the much smaller C. acerca. 



Recorded from ten stations, five each in the Atlantic and 

 Pacific, as follows: four (17, 18, 19, 20) in the Sargasso Sea, 

 one (28) in the Atlantic equatorial region, two (78, 80) in 

 the Galapagos region, two (81, 85) in the region of South 

 Pacific island fields, and one (150) in the North Pacific trade 

 region. 



Net samples only, 1 1 in all, 6 taken at 50 meters and 5 at 

 100 meters. Maximum frequency, 7 per cent at station 81; 

 other records above minimum (2 to 5 per cent) from stations 

 17, 18, 19, 78, 80, 85, 150; averages, 2.2 and 4.4 per cent, 

 the latter in the Pacific. 



Temperature: Atlantic, i9?82-25?3i (22?58); Pacific, 

 i9?27-27?89 (24?8o). Salinity: Atlantic, 36.60-37.15 (36.83); 

 Pacific, 34.63-36.24 (35.74). Density: Atlantic, 24.89-26.05 

 (25.44); Pacific, 23.38-24.68 (23.94). pH: Atlantic, 8.19— 

 8.27 (8.23); Pacific, 8.14-8.32 (8.21). 



Codonella olla Kofoid and Campbell 

 (Figures 15, 16) 

 Codonella olla Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, pp. 63-64, fig. 115. 



The decidedly potlike, squat lorica, with widely expanded 

 and flattened aboral end, has a length of 1.4 oral diameters. 

 The oral margin is coarsely undulating and minutely irregu- 

 lar, thin, and inturned. The collar bulges; its length is a 

 trifle less than 0.33 oral diameter, with the same diameter at 

 the throat as at the upper end, but the bulge in the middle 

 is 1.1 oral diameters. There is a scarcely developed, angular 

 (8o°) internal ledge at the throat, which reduces the diam- 

 eter of the opening there to 0.83 oral diameter. The bowl 

 swells from the neck to a diameter of 1.33 oral diameters at 

 0.67 total length from the rim. Below this level, it gradually 

 contracts to the nearly flat aboral end, the diameter of which 

 is 0.67 oral diameter. 



The thin wall (which reaches, however, nearly 0.09 oral 

 diameter in thickness across the ledge) is not over 0.02 oral 

 diameter in the bowl. There are single to triple layers of 

 subrectangular, hyaline secondary prisms. Over the whole 

 surface are large, subcircular, clear tenestrae between which 

 are rather faint smaller circles or alveoles. 



