TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



13 



slightly developed, angular (70 ) internal ledge reduces the 

 aperture between collar and bowl to 0.87 oral diameter. Its 

 sides are practically plane except that they rather suddenly 

 bend inward a little just above the throat. The ellipsoidal 

 bowl has a maximum diameter of 1.1 oral diameters slightly 

 below its middle. Below this level it gradually contracts to 

 the aboral horn. The horn has a wide, asymmetrical conical 

 (50 ) base and narrower conical (io°) stem. Its free tip 

 is blunted. 



The wall is very thin, being not over 0.02 oral diameter in 

 thickness in the bowl. There is a single or double layer of 

 narrow, subrectangular to irregular secondary prisms, within 

 which are closely packed primary alveoles. The collar has 

 large subcircular fenestrae which gradually merge in the 

 bowl with smaller circles. These circular structures have 

 thick walls in which minute alveoles are present. The 

 lumen of the horn is cut off from that of the bowl by a 

 depressed diaphragm. The wall is dense. 



Length, 951.1. 



Codonella recta has a conical collar which lacks the bulge 

 of that of C. amphorella or C. rapa. The bowl is less rotund 

 and there is much less constriction at the throat than in 

 either of the above two species. 



Recorded from one station (154) in the Pacific equatorial 

 region, in a net sample taken at 100 meters. Frequency, 2 

 per cent. 



Temperature, 25?8i; salinity, 34.82; density, 22.98; pH, 



7-93- 



Codonella tropica Kofoid and Campbell 

 Codonella tropica Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 67, fig. no. 



The stout, ovate lorica, with bulging collar, wide bowl, 

 and simple, pointed aboral end, has a length of 1.34 oral 

 diameters. The thin-edged oral margin is entire, and below 

 it is a narrow, hyaline cuff, the width of which is about 0.1 

 oral diameter or less. The convex collar expands from the 

 rim to 1.08 oral diameters near its middle and then some- 

 what more rapidly contracts to 0.92 oral diameter at the 

 neck. The collar has a length of nearly 0.42 oral diameter. 

 The stout, short bowl expands from the throat and reaches 

 1. 16 oral diameters at 0.66 oral diameter below the rim. 

 Below this widest level it rapidly contracts, with full, convex 

 sides, to the pointed end, which bears a minute, extended 

 point. 



The wall reaches approximately 0.05 oral diameter in 

 thickness in the bowl and is thinner in the collar. There is 

 a single layer of large, rectangular prisms. The exterior 

 meshwork is made up of small, subcircular polygons, every- 

 where of uniform size. 



Length, 7711. 



Codonella tropica is stouter, with less constricted throat, 

 shorter bowl, and more pointed end than C. acuta. The wall 

 of the latter also bears large coccoliths. Codonella cuspidata 

 is close to tropica, but less wide and hence more slender; it 

 has a larger collar with greater nuchal constriction. 



Recorded from twelve stations in the Pacific, as follows: 

 one (77) in the Galapagos region, four (81, 82, 84, 95) in 

 the region of South Pacific island fields, two (112, 113) in 



the North Pacific middle latitudes, one (151) in the North 

 Pacific trade region, three (152, 153, 154) in the Pacific 

 equatorial region, and one (146) in the California region. 



There were 2 pump and n net samples, of which 1 was 

 taken at the surface, 5 at 50 meters, and 7 at 100 meters. 

 Maximum frequency, 6 per cent at stations 153, 154; other 

 records above minimum (2 to 3 per cent) from stations 81, 

 146, 152. 



Temperature: pump samples 20?i6-23?77 (2i?96), net 

 samples ii?48-28?74 (22^92). Salinity: pump samples 

 34.59-34.71 (34.65), net samples 34.32-36.42 (35.22). Den- 

 sity: pump samples 23.42-24.52 (23.97), net samples 22.43- 

 26.50 (24.06). pH: pump samples 8.20-8.25 (8-22), net 

 samples 7.76-8.28 (8.14). 



CODONARIA Kofoid and Campbell 

 Codonaria Kofoid and Campbell, 1939, p. 55. 



The genus Codonaria includes a number of species from 

 the warmer parts of the sea. They have clearly been derived 

 from Codonella. Nearly all are inhabitants of the open 

 ocean or of the Mediterranean. They are rare in the South- 

 ern Hemisphere save near the equator. 



Six species are described. 



Codonaria angusta Kofoid and Campbell 

 Codonella angusta Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 53, fig. 1 17. 



The rotund lorica, with tall, convex collar, deep throat, 

 and distally inflated bowl, has a length of 1.56 oral diam- 

 eters. The thin, smooth oral margin arises from a hyaline 

 cuff only 0.04 oral diameter in width. The inflated collar is 

 subcylindrical, with a length of 0.32 total length, with its 

 greatest diameter of i.iforal diameters at 0.67 of its length 

 from the upper end, and with the barely developed flangelike 

 ledge at 0.18 oral diameter below the rim; this narrow ledge 

 scarcely projects beyond the collar, and is sharply angular 

 (32 ). The constricted neck of the bowl has a diameter of 

 0.98 oral diameter. The rotund bowl expands rapidly from 

 the throat, reaches 1.21 oral diameters near 0.6 total length 

 from the rim, and then contracts sharply to the nearly flat- 

 tened aboral end (0.65 oral diameter), which lacks any trace 

 of special differentiation. 



The wall of the bowl is nearly 0.06 oral diameter in thick- 

 ness, that of the internal ledge is twice as much, and in the 

 collar the wall rapidly declines to one-tenth as much. There 

 are one to three layers of thick-walled, irregular, elongate, 

 alveole-like secondary prisms. The truncate, subtriangular 

 internal ledge at the junction of collar and bowl reduces the 

 cavity to 0.83 the external diameter. The exterior surface 

 has large and small, rather faint subpentagonal to subhex- 

 agonal meshes. 



Length, 80 to 98^. 



Codonaria angusta may be distinguished by the narrow 

 external and thick internal ledges, the laterally convex collar, 

 and the swollen, flattened bowl. In a few respects it is 

 transitional between Codonella diomedae and Codonaria 

 cistellula. 



Recorded from one station (19) in the Sargasso Sea, 



