TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



15 



eters. The thin oral margin is subdenticulate and enclosed 

 In an exceedingly low (0.11 oral diameter), suhcylindrical 

 suboral cuff. The suboral ledge has a diameter of 1.13 oral 

 diameters and is separated from the cuff by a concave- 

 angular trough. The rather long, inverted-conical ( 34°) 

 collar, with plane sides, has a length of little more than 0.4 

 oral diameter, and a diameter at the constricted throat of 

 over 0.87 oral diameter. The subglobose bowl reaches its 

 greatest diameter of r.13 oral diameters near 1.0 oral diam- 

 eter below the rim; from that level to the aboral end is about 

 0.53 oral diameter. The aboral end is flattened and has a 

 diameter of nearly 0.5 oral diameter. 



The wall has a thickness of nearly 0.05 oral diameter ex- 

 cept in the cuff, where it is less than half as much. There 

 are one to three layers of irregular secondary prisms. The 

 outer surface has small subcircular reticulations which crowd 

 in the ledge and near the aboral end. There is an equa- 

 torial and southern temperate band of subequal circular 

 fenestrae around the bowl. 

 Length, 78 to 90U. 



The Carnegie loricae tend toward aboral flattening, flat 

 sides, and steeply pitched flare in the collar. 



Codonaria lata is longer than C. australis and has a flatter 

 aboral end. Its bowl is not so long as that of C. bengue- 

 lensis or so wide as that of C. oceanica. There is no trace of 

 the aboral point which distinguishes C. mucronata, dadayi, 

 or cistellula. The collar lacks the submedian bulge that 

 characterizes C. angusta. 



Recorded from six stations, two in the Atlantic and four 

 in the Pacific, as follows: one (19) in the Sargasso Sea, one 

 (28) in the Atlantic equatorial region, one (78) in the Gala- 

 pagos region, one (113) in the North Pacific middle lati- 

 tudes, one (109) in the North Pacific trade region, and one 

 ( 146) in the California region. 



There are 7 net samples, of which 3 were taken at 50 

 meters and 4 at 100 meters. Maximum frequency, 8 per cent 

 at station 113; other records above minimum (2 to 3 per 

 cent) from stations 78, 109; average in the Pacific, 3.2 per 

 cent. 



Temperature: Atlantic, 25?3i-27?57 (26?44); Pacific, 

 i9?8i-24?38 (2i?92). Salinity: Atlantic, 36.24-37.15 (36.69); 

 Pacific, 34.32-36.03 (34.92). Density: Atlantic, 23.49-24.89 

 (24.19); Pacific, 23.74-24.72 (24.21). pH: Atlantic, 8.27- 

 8.30 (8.28); Pacific, 8.14-8.26 (8.20). 



Codonaria mucronata Kofoid and Campbell 



(Figure 13) 



Codonella mucronata Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, pp. 62-63, 

 fig. 123. 



The stout lorica, with deep constriction at the throat and 

 with pointed aboral end, has a length of 1.72 oral diameters. 

 The thin, subdenticulate oral margin is enclosed by the low 

 suboral cuff. The cuff is a low band or basal segment of a 

 concave cone (12 ) with a length of less than 0.1 oral diam- 

 eter. The cuff is superimposed on the wider, flaring, plane, 

 irregularly swollen, inverted-conical (58 ) collar, the length 

 of which is a little over 0.4 oral diameter; its lower diameter 



is approximately 0.93 oral diameter and its diameter at the 

 upper end is 1.34 oral diameters. The upper margin is 

 roughly undulating although without teeth, and connects 

 with the suboral cuff by means of a concave-angular trough. 

 The rather short, squat bowl expands from the constricted 

 throat, forming a segment of a cone (32 ), and reaches a 

 diameter equal to that of the upper end oi the collar at 0.67 

 total length below the rim. Below this widest level the bowl 

 rapidly contracts as an inverted decidedly convex cone (98 ); 

 the convexity reaches its greatest width within the upper 

 three-tenths and quickly declines so that the aboral end is 

 pointed, without, however, being produced. 



The wall is uniformly about 0.06 oral diameter in thick- 

 ness in the collar, and less in the cull There are one to 

 three layers of irregularly arranged, subrectangular secondary 

 prisms enclosed within thin laminae. 

 Length, 75 to io8p:. 



The Carnegie loricae are a little longer than those earlier 

 recorded. 



Codonaria mucronata agrees with C. dadayi in the sharply 

 pointed aboral end, but differs in its wide, more squat bowl, 

 constricted throat, and better-developed ledge. Codonaria 

 cistellula, also pointed, differs in being narrower and taller, 

 and in its fuller ledge. The other species are not likely to 

 be confused with mucronata, which is easily distinguished 

 even in rapidly examined plankton. 



Recorded from nine stations, four in the Atlantic and five 

 in the Pacific, as follows: one (14) in the Gulf Stream, two 

 (17, 18) in the Sargasso Sea, one (33) in the Caribbean Sea, 

 two (45, 71) in the Galapagos region, and three (152, 153, 

 154) in the Pacific equatorial region. 



There are 4 pump and 10 net samples, of which 2 were 

 taken at the surface, 4 at 50 meters, 8 at 100 meters. Maxi- 

 mum frequency, 12 per cent at station 71; other records above 

 minimum from stations 45, 71, 152, 153, 154; average in 

 Pacific net samples, 5.1 per cent. 



Temperature: Atlantic, net samples i9?82-23?i7 (2^29), 

 pump sample 14^95; Pacific, ii?48-25?8i (21^24) and 

 n?48-23?46 (19? 10), respectively. Salinity: Atlantic, net 

 samples 36.49-36.81 (36.62), pump sample 35.10; Pacific, 

 34.73-35.24 (35.00) and 34.73-35.24 (35.06), respectively. 

 Density: Atlantic, net samples 25.03-26.07 (25.66), pump 

 sample 26.08; Pacific, 22.98-26.50 (24.34) and 24.00-26.50 

 (24.93), respectively. pH: Atlantic, net samples 8.18-8.27 

 (8.22), pump sample 8.18; Pacific, 7.76-8.28 (8.05) and 

 7.76-8.13 (8.00), respectively. 



Codonaria oceanica (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell 



Codonella oceanica, Kofoid and Campbell, ^29, p. 63, fig. 122. 



The short, wide lorica, with inflated bowl and rather low 

 collar, has a length of 1.7 oral diameters. The ragged, ir- 

 regular oral margin is thin-edged and a low cuff lies below 

 it. The suboral cone (8o°) is a low, truncated, concave 

 basal segment with a length of nearly 0.17 oral diameter and 

 a basal diameter of 1.2 oral diameters. The suboral ledge is 

 not wide (1.3 oral diameters), is widely angular (90 ), and 

 is not especially differentiated from the upper edge of the 



