TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



25 



collar continues with the same diameter (0.87 oral diameter) 

 to the howl, from which it is sharply set off, and is without 

 even traces of local modification. Its length is approximately 

 0.68 total length. The collar is made up of 26 spiral turns, 

 the uppermost 6 of which are progressively a little less wide 

 than the others: no fenestrae were found. The glohose. 

 dense howl, with a maximum diameter of 1.45 oral diam- 

 eters, arises from just below the collar, forming a round- 

 shouldered neck with a width of 0.14 oral diameter, ami 

 then rapidly curves to the equator. Below its equator the 

 howl rounds to the ahoral end. The aboral horn is conical 

 (25 ), and its free end is broken off (?) or else is normally 

 open. 



The wall of the collar is rather thick (0.07 oral diameter) 

 and the spiral turns that compose it have optically dense 

 margins. The heavy bowl reaches a thickness little greater 

 than that of the collar (0.08). The collar has laminae which 

 enclose a hyaline substance, and the bowl has one to four 

 layers of small to large rectangular, hexagonal, or irregular 

 alveoles. The surface of the bowl is irregular, and some- 

 what hlobby near its equator, and has irregular secondary 

 structure. In the lorica under discussion there was a large 

 circular internal boss or button inside the mid-region of the 

 howl. The cavity of the horn is cut off from that of the 

 bowl by a thin diaphragm. 



Length, 27511. 



This lorica is more trim than those described elsewhere. 

 Marshall states that hers was 17811 in length. 



Codonellopsis brevicaudata bears little resemblance to 

 others of the longer species of the genus. Its markedly irregu- 

 lar, swollen bowl, short ( ?) open horn, and very long, regular 

 collar are characters that distinguish it. The species of the 

 C. orthoceras group generally have neat bowls and long 

 aboral horns. 



Recorded from one station (18) in the Sargasso Sea, in a 

 net sample taken at 100 meters. Frequency, minimum. 



Temperature, 20?32; salinity, 36.81; density, 26.07; pH, 

 8.21. 



Codonellopsis contracta Kofoid and Campbell 

 Codonellopsis contracta Kofoid and Campbell, 1929. p. 78, fig. 



147- 

 The tiny, stout, ovate lorica, with collar shorter than bowl. 

 wide bowl, and broad, rounded aboral end, has a length of 

 2.5 oral diameters. The simple oral margin is thin-edged. 

 The collar increases in diameter from the margin to the 

 lower end, being a segment of a distinctly concave cone 

 (25 ) the length of which is less than 0.33 total length. It 

 has approximately 12 spiral turns, which progressively in- 

 crease in width as they descend. The lowermost of these 

 distinct, thin-edged turns has a single row of rounded 

 fenestrae (8 to 10) which are the full width of the turn. 

 The aboral flare of the collar merges into the bowl below. 

 The plump little bowl expands from the throat and reaches 

 2.0 oral diameters at its equator. Below the equator it 

 rapidly rounds off. The aboral end is hemispherical. 



The wall of the bowl is thin (as nearly as could be deter- 

 mined, about 0.02 oral diameter). There are minule sec- 



ondary (?) alveoles. The aboral half of the bowl is com- 

 monly plastered with lecal matter, ami small coccoliths are 

 frequent. 



Length, 42 to 4941. 



The tiny loricae of Codonellopsis contracta are difficult 

 to study, but the material collected appears to agree closely 

 with the typical forms. Length is probably related to tem- 

 perature. 



Codonellopsis contracta is shorter (42 to 49(1) than C. 

 pusilla (56 to 59|.i)> and stouter (length 2.5 as against 3.08 

 oral diameters). Its bowl is wider and its aboral end broadly 

 rounded. The bowl lacks surface flecks, is never irregular, 

 and often has coccoliths. It is not closely related to C. ovata 

 or to C. inornata, both of which are also among the smaller 

 species. 



Recorded from six stations, three each in the Atlantic and 

 the Pacific, as follows: two (3, 5-6) in the Atlantic drift, 

 one (13) in the Gulf Stream, one (123) in the East Asiatic 

 marginal sea, and one (130) in the California region. 



There are 3 pump and 5 net samples, of which 3 were 

 taken at the surface, 2 at 50 meters, and 3 at 100 meters. 

 Maximum frequency, 16 per cent at station 130; other 

 records above minimum (4 to 8 per cent) from stations 5-6, 

 13; averages, 1.0 and 3.5 per cent in Atlantic net and Pacific 

 pump samples, respectively. 



Temperature: Atlantic, net samples n?27-i3?79 (i2?58); 

 Pacific, pump samples 5?o-n?88 (8?6i), net sample 8?g6. 

 Salinity: Atlantic, net samples 32.68-36.06 (34.88); Pacific, 

 pump samples 32.87-33.72 (33.22), net sample 33.72. Den- 

 sity: Atlantic, net samples 24.94-26.95 (25.94); Pacific, pump 

 samples 25.13-26.14 (25.82), net sample 26.14. pH: At- 

 lantic, net samples 8. 10-8. 15 (8.12); Pacific, pump samples 

 7.96-8.1 1 (8.04), net sample 8.06. 



Codonellopsis ecaudata (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell 

 (Figure 7) 



Codonellopsis ecaudata, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 79, fig. 

 154- 



The short, neat lorica, with tall, cylindrical collar and 

 oval bowl with aborally rounded end, has a length of 2.88 

 oral diameters. The thin oral rim is sharp-edged. The 

 long, distinctly hyaline collar (0.47 total length) is a cylinder 

 with only the slightest traces of strictly local contractions and 

 bulges. It is made up of 13 spiral turns. Of these, the first 

 and third are very narrow, but the remainder are subuni- 

 form in width. There are 1 or 2 small, faint oval fenestrae 

 (the full width of a single turn) in the seventh and ninth 

 turns. The sides of the collar are not serrate, each turn 

 simply fitting on the top of the succeeding one with a fine, 

 dark external ridge along the edge as a sort of molding. The 

 oval, very dense bowl (contrasting sharply with the collar) 

 expands from the neck, which has the same diameter as the 

 oral opening, to a diameter of 1.47 oral diameters at 0.7 total 

 length below the oral rim. Below this widest level it con- 

 tracts rapidly, although with full convex sides of approxi- 

 mately 70 , to the aboral end. The aboral end is bluntly 

 but narrowly contracted or, less often, simply rounded off. 



