TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



Codonellopsis longa has a subcylindrical rather than wide 

 conical collar, the latter shape being distinctive of C. ortho- 

 ceras. It has a longer collar than C. pacifica, and, in addi- 

 tion, a longer bowl and horn than C. Speciosa. The collar 

 is concave in C. tessellata, and the bowl is egg-shaped rather 

 than potlike. It is not especially difficult to separate longa 

 from related species of the tropical plankton. 



Recorded from thirty-six stations, thirteen in the Atlantic 

 and twenty-three in the Pacific, as follows: three (2, 15, id) 

 in the Gulf Stream, two (17, 18) in the Sargasso Sea, six 

 (22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30) in the Atlantic equatorial region, 

 two (31, 32) in the Caribbean Sea, two (35-36, 99) in the 

 Pacific equatorial region, five (46, 47, 75, 77. 80) in the 

 Galapagos region, seven (48, 81, 82, 85, 95, 158, 159) in the 

 region of South Pacific island fields, three (100, 150, 151) in 

 the North Pacific trade region, one (113) in the North 

 Pacific middle latitudes, and five (133, 136, 137, 147, 149) in 

 the California region. Codonellopsis longa is a widely dis- 

 tributed species of the warmer regions of the ocean, and 

 avoids, as these and other records show, only the cooler 

 waters of the polar seas and waters contributed by them. 



There are 8 pump and 42 net samples, of which 9 were 

 taken at the surface, 18 at 50 meters, and 23 at too meters. 

 Maximum frequency, 29 per cent at station 81; other records 

 above minimum (2 to 18 per cent) from stations 2, 16, 22, 

 32, 35-36, 46, 48, 75, 77, 80, 81, 85, 95, 99, too, 113, 136, 137, 

 147, 149, 151, 158, 159; averages in net samples, 2.9 and 6.8 

 per cent in the Atlantic and Pacific, respectively. 



Temperature: Atlantic, pump samples 1 9 : 27-23? 64 ( 2 1 . 50 ) , 

 net samples i 4 ?6o-2 7 ?88 (ai?57); Pacific, i8?5t-2 7 ?62 

 (24^35) and i8?4o-28?74 (24?32>, respectively. Salinity: 

 Atlantic, pump samples 36.41-36.47 (36.44), net samples 

 35.70-36.82 (36.37); Pacific, 34.70-36.46 (35.67) and 34.42- 

 36.44 (35.34), respectively. Density: Atlantic, pump samples 

 24.84-26.12 (25.48), net samples 23.26-26.62 (24.79); Pacific, 

 22.31-26.65 (24.35) and 22.31-25.55 (22.71), respectively. 

 pH: Atlantic, pump samples 8.21-8.23 (8.22), net samples 

 7.93-8.30 (8.19); Pacific, 8.18-8.31 (8.21) and 8.10-8.39 

 (8.25), respectively. 



Codonellopsis meridionalis Kofoid and Campbell 

 Codonellopsis meridionalis Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, pp. 82- 

 83, fig. 177. 



The stout lorica, with subequal collar and bowl and long 

 aboral horn, has a length of 3.82 oral diameters. The rather 

 thick oral margin is smooth and flat. The long collar (0.43 

 total length) is abruptly everted (50 ) well within the upper 

 one-tenth and forms an inverted truncate cone (5 ) in the 

 remainder. The diameter at its lower end is 0.83 oral diam- 

 eter. There are no local changes in lateral contour save as 

 the spiral turns form a serrate edge as they overlap one an- 

 other. There are 22 spiral turns, of which the anterior 10 

 are very narrow and the posterior 12 are at least twice as 

 wide. The wider turns are not strictly subequal in width. 

 The bowl forms a low neck, the width of which is approxi- 

 mately 0.33 oral diameter and the aboral diameter 1.0 oral 

 diameter. The rather stout bowl expands rapidly below the 



truncate laterally concavc-subconical (22 ) neck, which is 

 rounded at its junction with the collar, and reaches a maxi- 

 mum diameter of 1.25 oral diameters at 0.59 total length 

 from the rim. The aboral part is rotund subangular (90°), 

 and reaches a diameter of 0.33 oral diameter near 0.8 total 

 length from the rim. The aboral horn is long (0.6 oral 

 diameter), conical (12 ), rough-walled, and blunt at the 

 free tip. 



The wall of the collar reaches the unusual thickness of 

 nearly 0.05 oral diameter, and that of the bowl is nearly 0.16. 

 The wall of the collar has a dark inner lamina and there are 

 three to five layers of minute hexagons. The wall of the 

 bowl also has a thick inner lamina and two to four layers of 

 large secondary hexagons. The surface of the bowl is rather 

 trim, with small hexagons, but the horn is roughly canalicu- 

 late. The horn is penetrated by a wide canal and cut oil 

 from the cavity of the bowl by a thick diaphragm. Collar 

 and bowl are of a rich brown color, the latter more strongly 



so. 



Length, 197 to 245P. 



Codonellopsis meridionalis is close to C. biedermanni, 



from which species it differs in the abruptly set-off, narrow 



aboral horn, tapering collar, and wider bowl. These two 



species can scarcely be confused with others. 



Recorded from three stations (35, 35-36, 155) in the 



Pacific, all in the equatorial region. 



There are 4 net samples, of which 1 was taken at the 



surface, 2 at 50 meters, and 1 at 100 meters. Frequency, 50 



per cent at station 35-36, 10 per cent at station 35; elsewhere, 



minimum. 

 Temperature, 14:33-27:71 (i9°44)'> salinity, 34.88-34.93 



(34.90); density, 22.46-26.06 (24.70); pH, 7.88-8.30 (8.03). 



Codonellopsis minor (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell 

 Codonellopsis minor, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 83, fig. 168. 



The rather short lorica, with conical, everted collar, long 

 bowl, and short, conical aboral horn, has a length of 2.3 oral 

 diameters. The oral margin is sharp-edged. The collar 

 flares (32 ) within the upper one-tenth and is inverted sub- 

 conical (io°) for the remainder of its length. Its diameter 

 at the lower end is 0.92 oral diameter. In lateral contour it 

 is full but with local modifications. There are 1 1 spiral turns, 

 of which the anterior 2 are somewhat less wide than the 

 others. All the turns are outwardly concave and have 

 optically dark thickened margins. The neck of the bowl is 

 contracted from the throat, having a diameter at its lower 

 end of 0.85 oral diameter at 0.34 total length from the rim. 

 The line of junction with the collar and bowl is wavy. The 

 bowl rapidly expands below the neck to 1.25 oral diameters 

 at 0.57 total length below the rim. Below this equator it 

 contracts (85 ) as a decidedly convex hemisphere. The 

 aboral horn is short (0.33 oral diameter), conical (25 ), and 

 blunt; its anterior diameter is 0.26 oral diameter. 



The wall of the collar is thick (over 0.08 oral diameter) 

 and that of the bowl is similar. There are thin laminae with 

 enclosed hyaline material in the collar, and two to three 

 layers of small hexagons in the bowl; in the bowl are also 



