TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



127 



it differs in lacking suboral ridges. It is close to Salpingel 

 hides altiplicata in shape and size, but always lacks the 

 right-turning long folds; this latter species, in this character, 

 approaches Epicranella, and may be ancestral to that genus. 

 Salpingella acuminata lacks the aboral cylinder of S. secata. 

 It is a bit unusual in the tropics, although distinctly common 

 in cool waters, especially in high latitudes. 



Hofker's material ( 1 93 1 ) only possibly belongs here. His 

 large loricae (up to 350U) seem, as he admits, to belong to 

 S. attenuata, and even to S. gracilis. 



Recorded from eight stations, two in the Atlantic and six 

 in the Pacific, as follows: one (6-7) in the North Sea, one 

 (10) in the Atlantic drift, two (45, 73) in the Galapagos 

 region, one (86) in the region of South Pacific island fields, 

 one (120) in the East Asiatic marginal sea, one (141) in the 

 North Pacific middle latitudes, and one (151) in the North 

 Pacific trade region. 



There are 6 pump and 3 net samples, of which 1 was 

 taken at the surface, 7 at 50 meters, and 1 at 100 meters. 

 Frequency, minimum. 



Temperature: Atlantic, net sample 9? 86; Pacific, pump 

 samples 2.°. 17-22°. t,J (i6?72), net sample 26^24. Salinity: 

 Atlantic, net sample 34.94; Pacific, pump samples 33.06-36.20 

 (34.90), net sample 34.72. Density: Atlantic, net sample 

 27.96; Pacific, pump samples 23.48-26.41 (24.81), net sample 

 22.77. pH: Atlantic, net sample 8.04; Pacific, pump samples 

 7.90-8.33 (8.14), net sample 8.24. 



Salpingella attenuata Jorgensen 

 (Figures 117, 120) 



Salpingella attenuata, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 351, fig. 



687; Hada, 19326, pp. 571-572, fig. 26. 

 Salpingella acuminata, Hofker (part), 1931, pp. 387-388 (see 



also S. acuminata). 



The elongated, narrow lorica, with long, vertical, low fins, 

 has a length of 7.35 to 10.0 oral diameters. The oral margin 

 has a narrow, thickened brim. The suboral funnel is a 

 markedly concave basal segment of a cone (45° to 54 ) with 

 a length of 0.5 oral diameter, and with a diameter of 0.44 to 

 0.51 oral diameter at the lower end. The long shaft tapers 

 (3 to 5 ) for most of its length and reaches a diameter at 

 its lower end of less than 0.3 oral diameter. Immediately 

 below, it becomes definitely convex conical (6° to 12 ) for 

 1.0 to 2.0 oral diameters, and its open, truncated end, with- 

 out aboral cylinder, reaches not over 0.18 oral diameter in 

 diameter. There are 6 long, low fins, the length of which 

 reaches 0.29 to 0.33 total length. The fins are slightly right- 

 turning (3 ) in their upper part where they begin to fade 

 away; they are higher aborally. 



The hyaline wall is thin, and the elongated animal has 2 

 round macronuclei. 



Length, 255 to 433LI. 



Variations in length, probably correlated with tempera- 

 ture, are important, and to a less extent variations in propor- 

 tions are prominent. Hada (19326) has a lorica with wider 

 funnel (6o°) than the Carnegie specimens, and a cylindrical 

 rather than tapering shaft. Hofker's (1931) longer loricae 



(up to 350(1) possibly belong to Salpingella attenuata or to 

 S. gracilis rather than to S. acuminata. 



Salpingella attenuata differs from S. gracilis in length, 

 and in having fewer litis. In form it resembles S. ricta, but 

 lacks the surface rugae. The aboral end is conical rather 

 than swollen as in S. gloc\entogeri, and lacks the aboral 

 cylinder of S. secata. k is one of the more common elon- 

 gated tropical species. 



Recorded from fourteen stations, five in the Atlantic and 

 nine in the Pacific, as follows: one (14) in the Gulf Stream, 

 two (18, 21) in the Sargasso Sea, one (25) in the Atlantic 

 equatorial region, one (33) in the Caribbean Sea, one (45) 

 in the Galapagos region, two (84, 94) in the region of South 

 Pacific island fields, one (no) in the North Pacific trade 

 region, four (in, 113, 115, 128) in the North Pacific middle 

 latitudes, and one (147) in the California region. 



There are 6 pump and 9 net samples, of which 5 were 

 taken at 50 meters and 10 at 100 meters. The preference of 

 Salpingella attenuata for deeper levels is, thus, strongly sug- 

 gested. Maximum frequency, 4 per cent at station 113; other 

 records above minimum (2 to 3 per cent) from stations 18, 

 84, no, 147; average in net samples, 1.6 and 2.6 per cent, in 

 the Atlantic and Pacific, respectively; in Pacific pump 

 samples, 1.2 loricae. 



Temperature: Atlantic, pump sample 14^95, net samples 

 i4?6o-2 4 ?44 (20?93); Pacific, n?88-28?66 (i8?76) and 

 i8?74-2i?74 (20^36), respectively. Salinity: Atlantic, pump 

 sample 35.10, net samples 35.70-36.82 (36.41); Pacific, 33.07- 

 35.47 (34.49) and 34.66-35.35 (35.06), respectively. Den- 

 sity: Atlantic, pump sample 26.08, net samples 24.47-26.62 

 (25.55); Pacific, 22.56-25.51 (24.58) and 24.06-25.37 (24.72), 

 respectively. pH: Atlantic, pump sample 8.18, net samples 

 7.93-8.25 (8.16); Pacific, 8.10-8.21 (8.14) and 8.12-8.29 

 (8.20), respectively. 



Salpingella curta Kofoid and Campbell 

 Salpingella curta Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 352, fig. 675. 

 The very short, test-tube-like lorica, with low collar and 

 fins, has a length of 5.3 oral diameters. The oral rim has a 

 narrow, horizontal brim less than 0.1 oral diameter in width. 

 The flaring funnel is a basal segment of an inverted trun- 

 cated cone (34°) with a length of 0.75 oral diameter, and a 

 diameter of 0.7 oral diameter at its lower end. The tubular 

 shaft extends uniformly for 3.3 oral diameters, and below it 

 becomes convex conical (24°) with a length of less than 1.6 

 oral diameters. On the aboral cone are 6 decurrent, equi- 

 distant bladelike fins with length equal to that of the cone. 

 The open aboral end has a very low aboral cylinder just 

 below the lower end of the fins. 



The thin wall is nearly transparent. There is a conical 

 closing apparatus (90 ) at the lower end of the funnel. 



Length, 79 to 93(^1. 



Salpingella curta, a small, easily overlooked species, differs 

 from S. minutissima in the shape of the oral funnel, which 

 is decidedly flaring in minutissima. It is unlike S. decurtata 

 in size, longer funnel, shorter aboral cone, and fins. It is 

 not at all like S. lineata in shape; it has a longer cone than 



