60 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 



individual whom we recognize as the original authority for the name used. 

 Thus the scientific name of the dog is written Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 

 since Linnaeus bestowed this name upon this particular species. The 

 name of the author is not italicized. If the form of the name is not the 

 exact one the author used, his name is enclosed in parentheses. In such 

 cases the species name has been removed from its original genus to 

 another. For example, the name Sorex aquaticus was given by Linnaeus 

 to the common mole, but since it belongs to a more recently established 

 genus, Scalopus, the name is written Scalopus aquaticus (Linn.) . Authors' 

 names are often abbreviated, as Linn, for Linnaeus. The date when the 

 author proposed the name is often added and follows the name of the 

 author. For example, Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758. Uniformity 

 in nomenclature is attempted by appUcation of the International Rules 

 of Zoological Nomenclature sponsored by international congresses of 

 zoologists. The name of the subspecies may be added to that of the genus 

 and species, as Scalopus aquaticus machrinus (Rafinesque), the subspecies 

 of the common mole found in the upper Mississippi valley. Sometimes 

 the common name of an animal is also the scientific name of the genus, 

 in which case the difference is shown by italicization and capitalization. 

 For example, Paramecium and hydra are the common names of animals 

 belonging respectively to the genera Paramecium and Hydra. 



