CHAPTER LX 



ANTHROPOID APES AND MAN 



Excluding entirely from our estimate of man any thought of a spiritual 

 nature or an ethical culture, he is physically an animal, although the 

 mental development of civihzed man (Fig. 347) so far exceeds that 

 of any other animal as to make apparently a great gap between him and 

 all animals below him. When one compares the higher apes, especially 

 when they have been affected by human teaching, and the uncivilized 



Fig. 345. — The chimpanzee, Pan sp., inhabits the jungles and forests of tropical Africa. 

 More arboreal than the gorilla and in common with the other Simiidae, it has opposable 

 thumbs and toes. Its gripping strength is about three times that of man. {Photographed 

 from a specimen in the University of Nebraska State Museum.) 



human races, the gap does not appear so wide, although it still remains. 

 However, the evidence furnished by geology as to the physical character 

 and intellectual development of earlier races of mankind enables us to 

 close the gap entirely. For this reason it is possible to discuss man 

 and the higher apes in the same connection. 



451. Manlike Apes. — The anthropoid apes include four genera repre- 

 sented by living species, these four containing, respectively, the gibbons, 

 orang-utans, chimpanzees (Fig. 345), and gorillas (Fig. 346). All these 



449 



