106 SLEVIN 



Map 1 



Although the Galapagos appeared as early as 1570 on the charts of Abraham 

 Ortelius, it was not until 1684 on the chart of Ambrose Cowley, the English buc- 

 caneer, that any attempt was made to place them in their relative positions and 

 give the islands individual names; so Cowley's chart may be rightly called the 

 first chart of the islands. 



Map 2 

 The tracing made by Captain Alonzo Torres, of the Spanish Frigate Santa 

 Gertrudis, although over one hundred years after Cowley, does not compare with 

 the efforts of the English buccaneer. 



Map 3 

 The chart used in 1812 by Captain David Porter, of the United States Frigate 

 Essex, is practically a replica of the one made in 1793-1794 by Captain James 

 Colnett, of the British ship Rattler. 



Map 4 



The survey made, in 1835, by His Britannic Majest/s Ship Beagle furnished 

 the standard chart of the Galapagos used by maritime nations for over one hun- 

 dred years, and with the exception of some corrections in elevations is practically 

 the same as that made by the U. S. S. Boivditch in 1942. The only striking altera- 

 tion is the depicting of Indefatigable Island. It is now an established fact that 

 there is no great central crater as shown on the British Chart, the top being com- 

 posed of numerous volcanic cones and broken-down minor craters. 



