100 SLEVIN 



and a half south of the equator. He was not far off in his calculations 

 as the main portion of the Archipelago does extend 1° 25' south of the 

 equator. Early navigators placed the islands about two degrees west of 

 the 80th meridian; but Dampier, one of the buccaneers, claimed they 

 were farther to the west and in this he was correct, for the main por- 

 tion lies west of the 90th meridian and all of it west of the 89th. Mer- 

 cator in his "Orbis Terrarum Compendiosa Descriptio" of 1587 repre- 

 sented the Galapagos as a cluster of islets just above the equator and in 

 his Map of the New World, 1622, as just below it. Tatton's map of 

 1600 showed the Archipelago as just below the equator and Herrar's 

 map of 1601 is practically identical. None of the cartographers seemed 

 to doubt that the islands were on or close to the equator. 



The islands appeared on Ortelius' "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum," 

 published at Antwerp in 1570, as Insulae de los Galopegos and in his 

 'Teruviae Auriferae Regionis Typus" of 1574 as Isolas de Galapagos, 

 represented as one island with two adjacent islets. The Chinese Maps 

 of the World published by the Jesuit Father Matteo Ricci (1584-1608) 

 showed an area labeled "South Seas" with a group of islands in the ap- 

 proximate position of the Galapagos, though no name was given them. 

 After 1570 the islands appeared on many maps of the early cartographers 

 but without names. No attempt was made to attach individual names 

 until William Ambrose Cowley made his chart in 1684. 



From a study of Cowley's map, the islands can be properly placed. 

 The large bight on the west coast of Duke of Norfolk Island [Inde- 

 fatigable] marked "Sandy Beach" is Conway Bay and this gives a fix 

 for Duncan Island, though that island is a little off position. Albemarle 

 and James are decidedly off. Taking this into consideration one can see 

 that Duncan Island is the Sir Anthony Deans* Island of Cowley. His 

 chart located the following islands: The Duke of Albemarle's Island, 

 The Earl of Abingdon's Island, Captain Bindlos's Island, Brattles Is- 

 land, King Charles's Island, Crossman's Island, Lord Culpeper's Island, 

 Dassigney's Island [Chatham], Sir Anthony Dean's Island [Duncan], 

 Ewres Island [Tower], King James's Island, Sir John Narbrough Is- 

 land, Duke of Norfolk's Island [Indefatigable], Lord Wenman's Is- 

 land, Albanie Island, and Cowley's Inchanted Island. 



A map printed for H. Moll of London in 1744 entitled "A Map of 

 South America with all the European Settlements and whatever else 

 is remarkable from the latest and best observations" shows the islands 

 in their relative positions and gives the old English names, as does a 



*A famous shipwright in the reign of King Charles II. 



