CHANNEL ISLAND REGION 313 



have been studied by a number of men, among whom Arnold (1903), 

 Kew (1926), and Woodring and associates (1935, 1946) should be 

 mentioned. 



The geology of the shore area of the mainland adjacent to the Chan- 

 nel Island region has been studied by more men than it is possible to 

 mention here. Reference has been made to papers and larger works by 

 Lawson (1893, 1934), Grant and Gale (1931), Reed (1933), Davis 

 (1933), Reed and Hollister (1936), and Bailey (1943). 



The submarine canj'ons off the coast have attracted the attention of 

 many workers, of whom Shepard is probably the best known. A portion 

 of the paper by Shepard and Emery (1941, pp. 51-108) and of the 

 former's book (Shepard, 1948, pp. 207-250), together with a paper by 

 Crowell (1952) and a reply by Shepard (1952), give the most complete 

 discussions of the subject to date. 



In recent years, growing in part out of the submarine canyon study, 

 more and more attention has been given to the collecting of sediment 

 samples from the sea floor of the Channel Island region, and to the sub- 

 marine geology of the area. This work has been done largely by Scripps 

 Institution of Oceanography, the Navy Electronics Laboratory, and the 

 Allan Hancock Foundation of the University of Southern California. 

 Dr. K. O. Emery, of the last-named institution, has been a leader in this 

 field, and his papers (1945, et scq.), as well as papers by Trask (1931), 

 Revelle and Shepard (1939), Clements and Dana (1944) and many 

 others, have been used freely in the present study. 



The fossil elephants of the northern islands were described by Stock 

 (1935), who also discussed the Pleistocene fauna of Rancho La Brea 

 (1930). The fossil plants of Santa Cruz Island were studied by Chaney 

 and Mason (1934). Woodring determined the age of the shells from 

 the lower terraces on Palos Verdes Hills (Woodring, 1935). 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Captain Allan 

 Hancock and Chancellor Rufus B. von KleinSmid of the University of 

 Southern California for making the study possible. He also is grateful 

 to Dr. K. O. Emery of the Department of Geology and the Allan Han- 

 cock Foundation of the same institution for helpful discussion and 

 criticism. 



TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 

 The most striking topographic features of the Channel Island Region 



