356 W. HOVANITZ 



Pieridae. The family contains some huge and diverse genera, which 

 are badly in need of comprehensive study. On the whole, the genera 

 are northern rather than tropical, such as the genera of the Ery- 

 cinidae. However, since the largest genera are tropical, it is likely 

 that the bulk of species exists in the equatorial range. 



Eumaeiis has a tropical range extending northward to 30° N. Lat. 

 and up to 2,000 meters in elevation, but southward only to 15° 

 S. Lat. 



Theorema has a very limited range near sea level from 15° N. Lat. 

 to 0°. Trichonis is even more restricted, to from 0° to 5° N. Lat. 



The largest genus from the standpoint of species, but also the 

 most difficult to subdivide naturally, is Thecla. This genus has a 

 tropical core that ranges from tropic to tropic at elevations from 

 to 4,000 meters (some species even to 5,000 meters). But it also 

 exists northward in cold areas as far as 60° N. Lat., and at eleva- 

 tions up to 4,000 meters as far north as 40° N. Lat. In addition, it 

 extends southward to 55° S. This genus is virtually a family in itself 

 and probably ought to be considered at least a subfamily. 



Theclopsis has a limited equatorial range from 10° N. Lat. to 15° 

 S. Lat. at elevations not over 1,000 meters. Scolitaritides has a limited 

 distribution south of the tropics; it ranges from 0° to 40° S. Lat., 

 at elevations from 3,000 to 4,000 meters in the equatorial region 

 and at sea level southward. 



Chrysophanus has a strictly northern distribution ; it ranges from 

 72° to 25° N. Lat., and at high elevations toward the south. This 

 genus is also Eurasiatic, as might be expected. 



Feniseca is restricted to a narrow latitudinal range from 35° to 

 45° N. Lat. at lower elevations. Few genera of any family are so 

 restricted to the North American temperate zone. 



Leptotes is equatorial, extending from tropic to tropic at 0-2,000 

 meters, but extending also northward to 40° N. Lat. 



Brephidiiim is North American tropical and temperate, extending 

 from 10° to 45° N. Lat. at all elevations from to 2,000 meters. Few 

 butterfly genera have such a restricted North and Central American 

 range. 



Hemiargiis lives at elevations from to 3,000 meters and extends 

 slightly farther north (to 30°) than south (to 25°). 



Hylos is found only in the cold temperatures of the Andes from 

 2° N. Lat. to 20° S. Lat. and occurs at elevations between 3,000 



