DISTRIBUTION OF BUTTERFLIES IN THE NEW WORLD 357 



and 5,000 meters. In this zone of endemism it is accompanied by 

 some Pieridae, Nymphalidae, and Satyridae. 



Everes along with Leptotes has a tropical core but exists also north- 

 ward to 50° N. Lat. and southward to 25° S. Lat. 



Plebejus, Philoles, and Glaucopsyche are North Temperate genera. 

 Plebejus ranges from 82° to 15° N. Lat., at higher elevations south- 

 ward, especially at about 40° N. Lat. Philotes is restricted to the 

 range 25° to 40° N. Lat. Glaucopsyche has a similar range but goes 

 to 50° N. Lat. Plebejus and Glaucopsyche are also Eurasiatic. 



Lycaeniopsis exists at low elevations from 10° to 65° N. Lat., but 

 at the higher elevations of 2,000-3,000 meters only in the central 

 part of its range. 



CHARACTERISTIC DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS 



The generic and family distributional charts have indicated a 

 number of recurring and characteristic distributional patterns. 



The distribution of the families of butterflies (Fig. 1) can be 

 divided into two kinds: (1) the tropical distribution (or nearly so) 

 and (2) the non-specific or general distribution. These are as follows: 



(1) (2) 



Tropical General 



Danaidae Papilionidae 



Morphidae Pieridae 



Brassolidae Satyridae 



Erycinidae Nymphalidae 



Lycaenidae 



The genera of the second grouping can be classified according to 

 the nature of their distribution. Two major classifications are 

 readily apparent. These are the strictly equatorial genera ranging 

 generally between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, or at most 

 only a little north or south. Examples of this type of distribution are 

 those of CatasHcta and Appias (Fig. 4). Few genera of this classifi- 

 cation are found in Eurasia or Africa. 



The second major distributional pattern is that of the northern 

 types, which extend to far northern latitudes and typically occur at 

 increasing elevation to the south. Most of these genera live also in 

 Eurasia or Africa. Included in this group are a few genera that occur 

 also across the equator at high levels and in southern latitudes. 



