330 W. HOVANITZ 



groups extend slightly farther south than north. The Marcellus 

 group extends to 40° N. and to 30° S., with an apparent gap of 

 some 25°. 



The genera Euryades and Baronia are considered as primitive 

 members of the Papilionidae. Their distributional ranges are typical 

 of relict species at the far corners of a once wider range. Euryades 

 exists in the southeastern part of South America where it has a 

 latitudinal range of 15° on the plains. It extends to 35° S. Lat., 

 which is as far south as is reached by only one group in Papilio. 

 Baronia is isolated in southern Mexico, where it exists with a range 

 of less than 5° latitude and of less than 1,000 meters elevation. 



Parnassius, the remaining genus in the Papilionidae, is northern 

 in origin and distribution. It has a range from nearly 70° to 35° N. 

 Lat. and occurs at elevations from sea level to 5,000 meters. The 

 three species that comprise the genus in America are indicated 

 separately: P. thor is restricted to a range of less than 10° latitude 

 at near sea level in Alaska ; P. smintheiis occurs from sea level in the 

 north (65° N.) to 5,000 meters in the south (35° N.); P. clodius is 

 found from sea level in the north (65° N.) to both sea level and 5,000 

 meters in the south (35° N.) (it accomplishes this dual range in the 

 south by existing along the cool-summer Pacific Coast as well as in 

 the cool-summer mountains of the interior). 



Pieridae (Figs. 3-5) 



This large family covers the entire range of land from north to 

 south and at nearly all elevations. It is subdivisible into four natural 

 groups, the Pierinae, the Rhodocerinae, the Euchloinae, and the 

 Dismorphiinae. Except for the last, each of these is large in itself 

 and covers almost the same range as the family. The range of the 

 Pierinae is less than that of the Pieridae only in that it extends in the 

 far north only to 68° N. Lat. instead of to 82° and reaches lower 

 elevations in North and South America. The subfamily consists of 

 several genera, most of which are divisible into types with narrow 

 temperature tolerance. Neophasia is limited to a range of 30° to 

 55° N. Lat., and should be considered one of the rare types of 

 temperate origin. Eucheira is a relict type found only from 20° to 

 30° N. Lat. at elevations of from 2,000 to 3,000 meters. 



Tatochila has an unusual distributional range in that it exists 

 from 55° S. Lat. to 10° N. Lat., wholly within the continent of South 



