338 W. HOVANITZ 



to 3,000 meters). As is usual for a number of tropical or equatorial 

 groups, the range southward (to 28° S. Lat.) is greater than north- 

 ward. There is no indication of any but a tropical origin for this 

 group. 



Satyridae (Figs. 7-12) 



The Satyridae comprise a huge family that extends from the arctic 

 regions at 70° N. Lat. to 55° S. Lat. They occur at nearly all eleva- 

 tions throughout this range. Tropical genera, however, are far more 

 abundant than northern genera. The family is an interesting one 

 since many genera have highly restricted habitats both within and 

 outside the tropics. 



Callitaera, Haetera, Pierella, and Antirrhaea are confined almost 

 wholly within the tropical regions; except for Callitaera they range 

 up to 2,000 meters. Sinarista has a restricted range from 7° N. Lat. 

 to the equator and from 1,000 to 2,000 meters in elevation (it exists 

 only in the northern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador) . Coerois and 

 Tisiphone are equatorial ; the former is the more restricted. Tisiphone 

 extends southward to 30° S. Lat. and up to 2,500 meters between 

 the tropics. 



Enodia, on the other hand, occupies a north temperate habitat 

 ranging from 25° to 45° N. Lat. in the eastern part of North America. 

 Since it has no northern affinities but only tropical ones, it may be 

 assumed to be of tropical origin. 



Taygetis has a full range between the tropics up to 2,000 meters 

 and extends south to 30° S. Lat. Amphideda, on the other hand, is 

 restricted to lower elevations south of Panama. 



Euptychia is a large genus of certainly tropical origin, but includes 

 at least four groups that extend northward to 45° N. Lat. and several 

 that extend southward to 35° S. Lat. The genus is subdivided into 

 groups in the histograms, to show how some groups are restricted 

 tropical, some are extensive tropical, and a few are restricted 

 temperate types. In the first classification (restricted tropical) are 

 the Nossis, Pronophila, Liturata, Gera, Lea, Tolumnia, and Agaga 

 groups. In the second classification (extended tropical) are the 

 Hesiofie, Mollma, Saturnus, Harmonia, Necys, Pacarars, Batesii, 

 Cephus, and Arnaea groups. In the third category (restricted tem- 

 perate either north or south) are the Paeon, Cluena, Phocion, and 

 Pyracmon groups. A fourth set might be recognized, namely, those 



