CERAMBYCID BEETLE FAUNA 307 



hardwoods and Leguminosae, have penetrated northward very 

 unequally. They are largely restricted to the Austro-Riparian belt 

 bordering the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic coastal plain, and a few 

 warm river valleys as those of the Mississippi, the lower Rio Grande, 

 and the lower Colorado. About a half dozen wide-ranging species 

 in this category reach southeastern California, e.g., Achryson 

 surinamiim (Linnaeus), Dendrobias mandibidaris Audinet-Serville, 

 Lissonotus flavocinctus Dupont. 



Representatives of the recent Neotropical elements of the Ne- 

 arctic region include the following genera: Archodontes and Steno- 

 dontes (Prioninae); Strangalia, Euryptera, and Ophistomis (Lep- 

 turinae) ; Sniodicum, Eburia, Elaphidion, Chion, Psyrassa, Heter- 

 achthes, Ibidion, Plinthocoelmm, Megacyllene, Euderces, Rhopalop- 

 hora, Ancylocera, Agallisus (Cerambycinae) ; and Lagocheirus, 

 Leptostylus, Leiopus, Lepturges, Eupogonius, Oncideres, Ecyrus, 

 Ilippopsis, and Spalacopsis (Lamiinae). Some of these groups 

 apparently came into North America by way of the Antilles and 

 are poorly represented on the coastal plain of Mexico, e.g., Spala- 

 copsis. The majority of the species of West Indian origin are not 

 found north of the southern tip of Florida, most appear to be recent 

 arrivals, and none has reached western North America. However, 

 the largest representation of subtropical Cerambycidae in the United 

 States is found in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. More than 

 eighty species have been collected in this area, and all have southern 

 affinities. Twenty-two occur also in the Austro-Riparian or Carolin- 

 ian life zones of southeastern United States, ten in the Sonoran 

 subfauna, and the remainder are strictly Neotropical. Thus these 

 faunal elements bear little relationship to those of western North 

 America. Only one austral genus, Neoclytus, has successfully in- 

 vaded all the northern forests, and it is extremely doubtful if this 

 is a recent arrival. The genus is most highly developed in South 

 America and is entirely absent from the Old World, thus suggesting 

 southern affinities, yet its wide distribution in North America 

 indicates that it must have been established very early in the 

 Tertiary. The majority of the species feed upon broad-leaved and 

 hardwood trees, but N. nubiliis Linsley and A^. muricatuliis Kirby 

 are restricted to conifers. 



The term "Alleghenian" was proposed by Wallace (1876) to 

 designate a large area covering much of eastern North America 



