308 E. G. LINSLEY 



More recently it has been used in reference to the subfauna that 

 centers in the Appalachian and Ozark plateaus. It includes a large 

 number of endemic cerambycid genera and species. The affinities of 

 these beetles are predominantly and clearly northern, but in many 

 respects their relationships appear to be nearer to those now found 

 in the Japano-Manchurian region than with those in the present 

 day Vancouveran of western North America. Unlike the recent 

 Holarctic elements, which are associated mainly with conifers and 

 northern type hardwoods, the Alleghenian species are mostly found 

 on lowland hardwoods, where they exhibit a preference for areas 

 with warm, humid summers, and apparently have little tolerance 

 for cold and for high altitudes. Few of the Alleghanian species have 

 successfully penetrated the Canadian and Hudsonian life zones. 



One of the most interesting of the old, relict endemics in the 

 Alleghenian subfauna is the primitive monotypic genus Scaphinus, 

 which represents one of the two living genera of its subfamily. Its 

 only relative is Spondylis, with a single species in the Palaearctic 

 regions, another in the Vancouveran, and a third in the high moun- 

 tains of the Mexican plateau. Other endemic genera with relatives 

 in eastern Asia or southern Europe are: Cytrophorus and Micro- 

 clytus (the only New World Anaglyptini), Zammodes, Tylonotus, 

 Physocnemum, Cyrtinus, Psenocerus, Hetoemis, and Dorcaschema. 

 At least one genus, Michythisoma, is now phylogenetically isolated, 

 but all its living relatives, although distant, are associated with 

 northern coniferous forests. 



Some endemic Alleghenian species fall in Old World genera not 

 found elsewhere on this continent (Table IV). Genera like Ropalopus, 

 Hesperophanes, and Clytanthus, highly developed in the Palearctic 

 region, have one species each in the Alleghenian subfauna. Other 

 species, numerous in the Alleghenian, represent Holarctic genera 

 absent, or nearly so, from the Vancouveran subfauna. The genus 

 Saperda, with two postglacially dispersed, poplar- feeding species 

 occurring from coast to coast, includes fifteen endemic species 

 associated with various deciduous elements of the Alleghenian 

 forest, and one in the Vancouveran subfauna, S. horni Joutel, 

 attached to Salix. Similarly, Oherea has eighteen Alleghenian 

 endemics with various deciduous hosts, and one (0. quadricallosa 

 LeConte, also attached to Salix) in the Vancouveran. The Old 

 World-Alleghenian genera Tetrops and Typocerus are both absent 



