LEPTDOPTERA. 363 



put, with a few tobacco leaves, or bits of camphor, into bags 

 made of thick brown paper, and closely sewed or pasted up at 

 the end. Chests of camphor-wood, red cedar, or of Spanish 

 cedar, are found to be the best for keeping all articles from moths 

 and other vermin. The cloth linings of carriages can be secured 

 for ever from the attacks of moths by being washed or sponged on 

 both sides with a solution of the corrosive sublimate of mercury 

 in alcohol, made just strong enough not to leave a white stain on 

 a black feather. Moths can be killed by fumigating the article 

 containing them with tobacco smoke or with sulphur, or by shut- 

 ting it in a tight vessel and then plunging the latter into boiling 

 water, or exposing it to steam, for the space of fifteen minutes, 

 or by putting it into an oven heated to about one hundred and 

 fifty degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer. 



Stored grain is exposed to much injury from the depredations 

 of two little moths, in Europe, and is attacked in the same way, 

 and apparently by the same insects, in this country. Not having 

 had sufficient opportunity to examine these insects myself, I have 

 been obliged to rely upon the accounts given by foreign writers, 

 for most of the following particulars respecting their history. 



The European grain-moth (Tinea granella), in its perfected 

 state, is a winged insect, between three and four tenths of an inch 

 long from the head to the tip of its wings, and expands six tenths 

 of an inch. It has a whitish tuft on its forehead ; its long and 

 narrow wings cover its back like a sloping roof, are a little turned 

 up behind, and are edged with a wide fringe. Its fore-wings are 

 glossy like satin, and are marbled with white or gray, light brown, 

 and dark brown or blackish spots, and there is always one dark 

 square spot near the middle of the outer edge. Its hind-wings 

 are blackish. Some of these winged moths appear in May, oth- 

 ers in July and August, at which times they lay their eggs ; for 

 there are two broods of them in the course of the year. The 

 young from the first laid eggs come to their growth and finish 

 their transformations in six weeks or two months ; the others live 

 through the winter, and turn to winged moths in the following 

 spring. The young moth-worms do not burrow into the grain, 

 as has been asserted by some writers, who seem to have con- 

 founded them with the Angoumois grain-worms ; but, as soon as 



