ADAPTATION 335 



of the brown color of the underside of its wings but also for the 

 even more striking reproduction there of minute details of leaf 

 structure in the form of stalk, mid-rib, and veins. Even worm 

 holes are present. The gaudy color of the upper side of the 

 wings is also significant. Rendered conspicuous by these colors 

 during flight, the insect practically drops out of the field of vision 

 when it alights and changes into a dead leaf (Fig. 188) . Similarly, 

 Phyllium, the green-leaf insect of South America, is pro- 



Fig. 188. — Kallima inachis, the Indian leaf butterfly. A, at rest with its wings 



folded; B, with the wings spread. 



tected by a broad leaflike body and a bright-green color (Fig. 189). 

 The common American insect, Diapheromera femorata, the walk- 

 ing stick, gets its name from its resemblance to a branched twig, 

 its long greenish-gray body and slender legs making it almost 

 indistinguishable from the plant structure (Fig. 190). Mimicry 

 sometimes is found between two animals, a harmless or defense- 

 less one deriving a certain advantage from its resemblance to a 

 noxious one. Bees and wasps which have dangerous weapons in 

 the form of stings are mimicked by a whole host of harmless flies 

 and moths. 



