CONTENTS xi 



CHAPTER PAGE 



Order 8. Paludicolae — Order 9. Limicolae — Order 10. Gallinae — 

 Order 11. Columbae — Order 12. Raptores — Order 13. Psittaci — Or- 

 der 14. Coccyges — Order 15. Pici — Order 16. Machrochires — Order 

 I. 17. Passeres — Natural History — -The Anatomy and Physiology of 



^ Birds — Characteristics — Temperature — Feathers — Color — Skeleton- 



Digestive System — Tongue — Buccal Glands — Esophagus — Crop — 

 I Proventriculus— Gizzard — Small Intestine — Rectal Cecae — Rectum — 



Liver — Pancreas — Circulatory System — Respiratory System — Voice — 

 Excretory System — Reproductive System — Nervous System — Sense 

 Organs — Susceptibility of Birds to Poison — Types of Nests — Bird Mi- 

 gration — Why Do Birds Migrate? — Speed of Flight — Economic Im- 

 portance of Birds — Positive — Negative — Fossil Relatives — Arche- 

 opteryx — Archeornis — Ichthyornis — Hesperornis — A Living Connect- 

 ing Type. 



XIX — Natural History of Mammals 373 



Characteristics — Order i. Monotremata — Order 2. Marsupialia — 

 Order 3. Insectivora — Order 4. Chiroptera — Order 5. Carnivora — 

 Sub-order Fissipedia — Sub-order Pinnipedia — Order 6. Rodentia — 

 Sub-order Simplicidentia — Sub-order Duplicidentia — Order 7. Eden- 

 tata — Order 8. Ungulata — Sub-order Hyracoidea — Sub-order Peris- 

 sodactyla — Sub-order Artiodactyla — Order 9. Sirenia — Order 10. Ce- 

 tacea — Order 11. Primates — Races of Man — Fossil Man — Mam- 

 mals as Migrants. 



XX — Mammalia — Physiology 420 



Man versus the Higher Apes — Physiology of the Vertebrate Animal — 

 Mammalian Physiology — External Anatomy and Locomotion — His- 

 tology — The Skin — Claws or Nails — Hair — Perspiration — Digestive 

 System — Mouth — Teeth — Salivary Glands — Tongue— Esophagus — 

 Stomach — Small Intestine — Liver — Pancreas — Digestion in the Small 

 Intestine — Cecum — Appendix — Large Intestine — Digestion in the 

 Ruminant — Chemical Characteristics of Protoplasm — Proteins — Col- 

 loids — Precipitin Reaction — Carbohydrates — Monosaccharids — Disac- 

 charids — Fats — Lipins — Chemical Elements of Protoplasm — Carbon — 

 Hydrogen — Oxygen — Nitrogen — Mineral Salts — Sulphur — Phosphorus 

 — Calcium — Silicon — Fluorine — Sodium — Chlorine — Potassium — 

 Magnesium — Copper — Iodine — Arsenic — Iron — Manganese — Bro- 

 mine — Boron — Zinc — Aluminium — Enzymes — Autocatalysts — Nutri- 

 tion and Vitamins — The Organs of Internal Secretion — Endosecretory 

 Glands vi'ith a Duct — Testis — Ovary — Liver — Pancreas — Ductless 

 Glands — Thyroid — Parathyroid — Thymus — Suprarenal — Pineal — 

 Pituitary — Interrelations of the Organs of Internal Secretion — Effects 

 '* of Emotions on the Internal Secretions — References on the Endocrines 



— Circulatory System — Action of the Heart — Pulse — Comparative 

 Anatomy of the Portal Systems— Blood — Blood Groups — Lymph — 

 Lymphatics — Flow of Lymph — Spleen — Respiratory System — How 

 Long Can Aquatic Mammals Submerge? — Voices of Mammals — Excre- 



