12 



INTRODUCTION 



Characteristics of /inimals 



Animals usually have a 

 definite shape and are 

 possessed of automatic 

 motion. 



Animals depend chiefly on 

 solid food which is liqui- 

 fied by internal digestion. 



Animals derive carbon 

 from starch, sugars, fats, 

 from plants and from 

 other animals. 



Animals derive their Ni- 

 trogen from complex ni- 

 trogenous compounds 

 formed by other organ- 

 isms. They secrete Ni- 

 trogenous wastes. 



Animals are chiefly de- 

 void of chlorophyll. 



Animals are composed of 

 cells with or without cell 

 walls and chiefly without 

 cellulose. 



Animals have more 

 marked division of labor 

 among the organs and tis- 

 sues of the body. 



Animals use the potential 

 energy of food, changing 

 it into kinetic energy. 

 We may say they are 

 generally oxidizers. 



Animals are destructive 

 or katabolic. 



Exceptions 



Some plants move and 

 some animals are sta- 

 tionary. 



Certain parasites, animal 

 and plant, absorb food 

 from that to which they 

 are attached. 



Symbiotes in hydra make 

 food for hydra and hydra 

 makes CO2 for symbiotes. 

 Fungi are also exceptions. 



Some Protozoa live like 

 plants and some plants 

 are carnivorous. 



Some protozoa, sponges 

 and coelenterates have 

 chlorophyll while some 

 parasitic plants have no 

 chlorophyll. 



Cellulose is found In 

 Flagellates and the tunic 

 of Tunicates. 



Characteristics of Plants 



Plants have a more vari- 

 able shape and are devoid 

 of automatic motion. 



Plants absorb food In the 

 form of liquid or gases. 



Plants derive their Car- 

 bon chiefly from CO2 of 

 the air and water. 



Plants derive their Nitro- 

 gen from simple Nitrogen 

 compounds especially in 

 the soil. They do not 

 give oflF Nitrogenous 

 wastes. 



Plants are chiefly chloro- 

 phyll bearing and use the 

 kinetic energy of sunlight 

 in building up complex 

 compounds. 



Plants are composed of 

 cells with definite cellu- 

 lose walls 



Plant cells show little 

 division of labor. 



Plants build up simple 

 food into complex sub- 

 stances. They convert 

 kinetic energy of sunlight 

 into potential chemcal 

 energy. They are re- 

 ducers of carbon dioxide, 

 liberating oxygen. 



Plants are predominantly 

 constructive or anabolic. 

 They make more energy 

 than they can use. 



Classification 



Natural Classification is an attempt to group animals on the 

 basis of similarity in structure and probable relationship. 



