PROTOZOA 



29 



has a fishy odor similar to seaweed. Cristispira is the large flagellate 

 found in the crystalline style of clams and oysters. 



Trypanosoma gambiense^ found in Southern Africa, causes sleep- 

 ing sickyiess in man. It is known to be transmitted by the bite of 

 Glossina palpalis^ the tse-tse fly. Other species of tse-tse flies 

 transmit different species of trypanosomes to mammals. Try- 

 panosoma brucei causes the tse-tse fly disease of cattle in tropical 

 Africa. The Germans claim that 

 a drug called Bayer 205 is a 

 specific for sleeping sickness. A 

 remedy for paresis, tryparsamide, 

 developed at the Rockefeller Insti- 

 tute, has been substituted for the 

 German patented preparation, and 

 reported successful. 



Leishmania transmitted by in- 

 sects cause Leishmaniasis or infan- 

 tile ulcer, and tropical ulcer. Surra 

 and dourine are trypanosome dis- 

 eases of cattle and horses. 



Giardia ( Lamblia) inlestinalis, 

 parasitic in the duodenum of man 

 and the rodents, causes diarrhoea. 

 The parasite is specific for each 

 mammal. 



Histo)nonas meleagridis causes 

 black-head (entero-hepatitis) o f 

 turkeys. It is a small degenerate 

 flagellate of the trichomonad type, 

 which in tissues, loses its flagella. 



Symbiosis. — Symbiosis between 

 termites and protozoa has been 

 discussed by Cleveland {Science, 

 vol. 61, no. 1585, p. 520) who has 

 shown that the intestine of wood-feeding termites contain small 

 flagellate protozoa, which may be removed by incubation, starvation, 

 or oxygenation without killing the termites. Neither organism can 

 live very long without the other, the termites dying three or four 

 days after the protozoa are taken from them. Cleveland empha- 

 sizes the fact that oxygenation will destroy ciliates and flagellates 

 found in cockroaches as well. 



Fig. 9. Giardia maris. AX, 

 axostyle; 5, blepharoplast; BB, basal 

 body; C, centriole; E, endosome; N, 

 nucleus; PL, parabasal body; RH, 

 rhizoplast. (Calkins. After Kofoid 

 and Swezy.) 



