2g2 



AMPHIBIA 



Skeleton of the Amphibia. — The sku// of the amphibian has less 

 cartilage in the adult than is found in the bony fishes. It has two 

 occipital condyles for articulation of the first vertebra. The car- 

 tilaginous nasal capsules are connected with the auditory capsules 



nasal 



,sphiruhethmoid 



digits 



palaiine- 



fronto-parietaL. 

 pterygoid 



cervical vertebra, 

 clavicle- 



sacral vertebra 



jTused 



-•calcaneum 



tibio-fibula 



/ 

 astragalus 



Fig, 157. Skeleton of garden toad. (After Kellogg, Animals and Man. Courtesy of 



Henry Holt & Co.) 



by trabeculae. In the tailless amphibians {Anura) there is a well- 

 developed tympanic cavity opening internally by the Eustachian 

 opening. 



In the frog, cartilage develops into the bones of the upper jaw 



