AVES 337 



Galliformes, among the Carinatae. The wings are short and 

 rounded; the keel of the sternum is well developed and the pectoral 

 muscles large. The tail feathers are reduced. Strong, swift run- 

 ners, they can rise, after considerable effort, to 150 feet and fly or 

 plane a thousand yards. Probably the tinamous represents an 

 intermediate condition between the flying birds and the running 

 or flightless birds. 



DivisioN^ B. The Carinatae 



The Carinatae include most of our common flying birds. 

 Characteristics. — They have a keeled sternum and are for the 

 most part fliers. 



Classification (Modified from the A. O. U. Check List).— 



Order i. Pygopodes — auks, grebes and loons, penguins. 



Order 2. Longipennes— gulls and terns. 



Order 3. Tubinares — petrels and albatross. 



Order 4. Steganopodes — frigates, cormorants and pelicans. 



Order 5. Anseres — wild geese and swans. 



Order 6. Odontoglossae — flamingo. 



Order 7. Herodiones — storks, herons, ibises, and spoon-bills. 



Order 8. Paludicolae — cranes, rails and coots. 



Order 9. Limicolae — plovers and snipes. 



Order 10. Gallinae — pheasants, pea-fowls, chickens, turkeys. 



Order 11. Columbae — pigeons and doves. 



Order 12. Raptores — hawks and owls. 



Order 13. Psittaci — parrots and parokeets. 



Order 14. Coccyges — kingfishers and cuckoos. 



Order 15. Pici — woodpeckers. 



Order 16. Machrochires — humming birds, swifts, nighthawks, and 



whip-poor-wills. 

 Order 17. Passeres — flycatchers, larks, jays, orioles, and grackles. 



Order 1. Pygopodes. — Looyis are large, often 24-28 inches long, 

 and the most expert diving birds. Their cry is weird, laughing, loud 

 and melancholy, resembling the dying wail of a person. The small 

 European grebe is called the " dabchick " because it tucks its young 

 under its wings when it dives to escape enemies. Grebes resemble 

 penguins more than loons. 



The " Great Auk" once abundant on the islands north of Scot- 

 land and near Newfoundland, has been killed off, feathers being the 



