GLOSSARY 549 



Evolu'tion (Lat. e, out; who^ roll): organic descent. 



Excre'tion (Lat. excretus, separated out): waste products removed from the protoplasm. 

 Excur'rent (Lat. ex, out; currere, to run) stem: a stem extending from base to tip with- 

 out dividing, as spruce and cedar. 

 Exhal'ant (Lat. ex, out; halo, breathe) pore: the central opening at the top of a sponge 



through which water passes outward. 

 Ex'oskeleton (Gr. ex, out; skeleton, a dried body): outer covering of animals. 

 Exten'sors (Lat. ex, out; tendo, stretch): muscles which straighten an appendage at the 



joint, as arm. 

 Fe'ces {\^a.t:. faeces, dregs): wastes from the digestive system; excrement. 

 Fertiliza'tion {hat. ferti lis, from/ero, bear): the union of the sperm nucleus with the 



egg nucleus to form a new organism. 

 Fibrin'ogen {^x. fibre, a fiber): the blood substance inducing clotting by the production 



of fibers when exposed to air. 

 Flagel'lum (\^at. flagellum, a whip): a long protoplasmic projection, used chiefly for 



locomotion. 

 Flex'ors {hat.flexus (flecto), bend): muscles that bend the joints; those which oppose 



the extensors. 

 Func'tion (Lat. functio, performance): the normal action of organisms. 

 Gall (Lat. gaila, gallnut): a growth produced on certain leaves by the action of insects; 



the bile. 

 Gan'glion (Gk. ganglion, tumor): an aggregation of nerve cell-bodies. 

 Gene (Gr. genos, origin): heredity factors which segregate according to Mendelian 



principles. 

 Gen'us (Lat. genero, beget) : a group of organisms containing one or more species. 

 Giz'zard (Lat. gigeria, cooked entrails of poultry): the muscular chamber for grinding 



food in birds. 

 Glomer'ulus (Lat. glomero, make a ball): minute rounded bodies in the cortex of a 



kidney; a knot of blood vessels; a Mapighian body. 

 Glot'tis (Gr. glotta, tongue): the tracheal opening. 

 Glu'cose (Gr. glykys, sweet): constituent of sucrose found in fruits; the product of the 



digestion of starch. 

 Gly'cogen (Gr. glykys, sweet; gen, producing): animal starch stored in the liver. 

 Go'nad (Gr. gonos, reproduction): an organ of sexual reproduction (ovary or testis). 

 Hab'itat (Lat. habito, inhabit): dwelling-place; region of activity. 

 He'moglobin (Gr. haima, blood; L. globus, round) : the red coloring matter in blood, con- 

 cerned with the transport of oxygen. 

 He'morrhage (Gr. haima, blood; rhegnymi, break): the discharge of blood from a 



ruptured blood vessel. 

 Hemip'tera (Gr. hemi, half; pteron, wing): an order of insects whose wings are hard 



anteriorly and membranous posteriorly. 

 Hered'ity (Lat. heres, a hair): the passing on of characters of parents or other ancestors 



to offspring. 

 Hiberna'tion (Lat. hiems, winter): a death-like torpor and rigidity brought about by 



extreme cold in some animals. 

 Histology (Gr. histos, web; logos, discourse): the study of tissues and cells. 

 Homop'tera (Gr. homos, same; pteron, wing): a group of insects with wings of the same 



texture throughout as contrasted with Hemiptera. 



