COMMUNITIES IN STANDING WATERS 357 



from Antarctica were already known in Europe and in the Arctic. 98 

 Milnesium tardigradum, for instance, is known in Spitzbergen, Scan- 

 dinavia, Scotland, France, Gibraltar, Germany, the Alps, Java, Hima- 

 laya, Kerguelen, New Amsterdam, and Vancouver Island." The 

 harpacticid, Epactophanes richardi, is likewise known in Europe, 

 Greenland, Spitzbergen, Java, and Antarctica. 100 The number of ani- 

 mals, moreover, is often very large; 0.26 gm. of dry moss from Spitz- 

 bergen produced 121 tardigrades of 4 different species. There are not 

 nearly so many in the moss beds of tropical regions. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



1) Kofoid, 1908, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., 8.-2) Weissensee, 1916. 

 Z. wiss. Zool., 115, p. 292.-3) Str<£m, 1933, Arch. Hydrob., 25, p. 38-47.— 

 4) Lauterborn, 1916, SB. Akad. Wiss. Heidelberg, (m.-n. Kl.), 1916, p. 337 ff. 

 — 5) Apstein, 1896, Siisswasserplankton, p. 92; Thienemann, 1922, Allg. Fischerei 

 Ztg., 1922, no. 21, p. 327.-6) Colditz, 1914, Z. wiss. Zool., 108, p. 531.— 7) 

 Behrens, 1914, Die vertikale Verbreitung des Krustazeenplanktons. — 8) Hofer, 

 1896, Schriften Ver. Gesch. Bodensees, 28 (1896), Anhang.— 9) Thienemann, 

 1918, Arch. Hydrob., 12, p. 1-65.— 10) Forel, 1901, Handbuch Seenkunde, p. 

 99_133. — li) Woeikoff, 1908, Int. Rev. Hydrob., 1, p. 280.— 12) Hiifner, 1894, 

 Arch. Anat. Physiol., 1894, p. 130.— 13) Wesenberg-Lund, 1915, Insektlivet, 

 p. 451. — 14) Schiemenz, 1911, Aus deutscher Fischerei, p. 75-82. — 15) Lie- 

 Pettersen, 1909, Bergens Mus. Aarbog, 1909, no. 15. — 16) Wesenberg-Lund, 

 op. cit., p. 454-458.— 17) Scheffelt, 1920, Allg. Fischerei Ztg., 1920, no. 15, p. 

 176-181.— 18) Wesenberg-Lund, 1908. Int. Rev. Hydrob., 1, p. 574-609.— 

 19) Miller, 1873, Schriften Ver. Gesch. Bodensees, 4, p. 123-145.— 20) Zschokke, 



1911, Tiefseefauna der Seen Mitteleuropas, p. 26.— 21) idem, p. 29, 161 & 181. 

 —22) Schermer, 1914, Arch. Hydrob., 9, p. 587-605.— 23) Zschokke, op. cit., 

 p. 28 & p. 150.— 24) Ruttner, 1914, Int. Rev. Hydrob., 6, p. 521.— 25) Apstein, 

 1894, Ber. natf. Ges. Freiburg, 8, p. 76.-26) Wesenberg-Lund, 1905, Proc. Roy. 

 Soc. Edinburgh, 25, p. 416.— 27) Burckhardt, 1900, Rev. Suisse de Zool., 7, 

 p. 680.— 28) Smolian, 1920, Merkbuch Binnenfischerei. 1, p. 448.-29) Apstein, 

 1896. op. cit., p. 89.— 30) Birge & Juday, 1922, Bull. Wise. Geol. Nat. Hist. 

 Surv., 64.— 31) Zschokke, 1894, Rev. Suisse Zool.. 2, p. 366 ff.— 32) Wesenberg- 

 Lund, 1905, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 25, p. 416 ff.— 33) Apstein, 1896, op. cit., 

 p. 127 ff.— 34) Hofer, 1896, Schriften Ver. Gesch. Bodensees, 28 (1899), Anhang. 

 —35) Fric & Vavra, 1897, Arch. Landesdurchf. Bohmens, 10, no. 3. p. 39.— 

 36) Lie-Pettersen, 1909, Bergens Mus. Aarbog, 1909. no. 15, p. 9.-37) Osten- 

 feld & Wesenberg-Lund, 1906, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 25, p. 1157.— 

 38) Weigold, Int. Rev. Hydrob., Suppl. 2, p. 114.— 39) Kusnetzow & Kar- 

 pinkin, 1931, Zbl. Bakteriol., Parasitol., Infektion., (2) 83, p. 169-174.— 40) Bere, 

 1933, Int. Rev. Hydrob., 29, p. 248-263.— 41) Scott, 1916, Indiana Univ. Studies, 

 3.-42) Allgeier et a/., 1932, Int. Rev. Hydrob., 26, p. 444-467.-43) Walter, 



1912, Gesetz der Wiistenbildung, p. 94.-44) Welch, 1935, Limnology.— 45) Jor- 

 dan, 1905, Guide to the Study of Fishes.— 46) Smith, 1874, Rep. U. S. Fish 

 Coram., 2. 670-707.— 47) Naumann, 1918, Lunds Univ. Aarskrift, Avd. 2, (NF) 

 14, no. 31.— 48) Thienemann, 1921, Naturwiss., 9, p. 343-346.-49) Krogh & 



