COMMUNITIES IX OTHER INLAND WATERS 



371 



algae. 38 The lack of life in the Dead Sea with a salt content above 

 231%o as compared with 222.4% in Great Salt Lake cannot be due 

 to the slight increase in salinity, more obviously since in Lake Bulack, 

 near the Caspian Sea. in water with a concentration of salt of 285%c. 

 there are Monas dunalii, Chironomus larvae, and 1 species each of an- 

 nelids, copepods, and rotifers. 39 



Coelenterates, sponges, planarians, eels, Bryozoa, and, of the 

 Crustacea, the cladocerans, are entirely missing in the salt waters of 



Fig. 106 



Fig. 107 



Fig. 106. — Salt-water crustacean, Artemia salina. X 0V2. After Brauer. 

 Fig. 107. — Salt-water fly, Ephydra macellaria; a, larva; b, pupa; c, adult. X 6. 



After Steuer. 



higher concentration. The larvae of may flies and stone flies and 

 usually of caddis flies are absent. Of mollusks of temperate 

 zones only Limnaea ovata occurs in water with slightly increased salt 

 content. Amphibians are almost entirely absent; Rana ridibunda and 

 Bufo viridis are found in pools in Algeria where waters have a low 

 salt content. 40 Of fishes, the stickleback is insensitive toward low salt 

 content and can tolerate concentrations up to 60-70%o, and carp are 

 also salt-tolerant to a limited degree. 



Among the animals which can live in more highly concentrated salt 

 waters, the Protozoa take the first place. In the salt estuaries of 

 Odessa they surpass the Metazoa from 7 to 10 times in number of 



