COMMUNITIES IN DRY, OPEN LANDS 



453 



MATURE POPLAR COMMUNITY 



Baltimore Oriole 

 Chickadee 

 Least Flycatcher 

 Rose - bstd Grosbeak 

 Willow Thrush 



Hairy cV Downy 

 Woodpeckers 



rv* 



Dicera 



Saperda 



■ Ruffed Grouse 



t \\l 



WILLOW COMMUNITY 



Yellow Warbler 

 Redwinged Blackbird 

 Bronze Grackle 



Grasses 



and 

 Helianthus 



— r - 



Pocket Gophers 

 Ground Squirrels 



Cutworms 

 Grasshoppers 

 Click Beetles 



Fig. 120a. — Simplified food-web relations within and between communities of 

 the aspen parkland region of Manitoba. The arrows point toward the food of 

 indicated animals. From Allee after Bird. 



