528 



LAND ANIMALS 



ranean waters. In some species certain individuals live constantly in 

 caves while others do so only part of the time, e.g., the salamander, 

 Hydromantes fuscus. Others use caves as winter quarters, like the Lepi- 

 doptera, Triphosa dubitata and Scoliopteryx libatrix. 5 Some species use 



Fig. 132 



Fig. 133 



Fig. 132. — A springtail from the Adelsberg Cave, Aphorura stillicidii, X 20. 



After Absolon. 



Fig. 133. — Cave copepod, Stygodytes balcanicus, from subterranean waters of 



Herzegowina. Length 5 cm. After Absolon. 



caves merely as a retreat, like bats, while the oil-bird, Steatornis, in 

 Trinidad, though seeking its food outside, nests in caves. The acci- 

 dental cave inhabitants are merely those which fall in or wander in 

 and are able to maintain themselves. 



Cave animals are both terrestrial and aquatic. They belong to 

 varied groups — a number of turbellarians, several chaetopod worms, 

 such as the oligochaet Haplotaxis gordioides, and even a leech, Dina 

 absoloni. G There is a large variety of snails. The majority of cave ani- 



