592 



INDEX 



Specific gravity of marine animals, 224 



Spelaeoconcha, 94, 536 



Spencer, 71 32 , 72 68 , 96 66 , 97 80 , 419 42 , 450, 



556 14 

 Spencer and Gillen, 468 17 ' 34 ' «■ 47 

 Speotyto cunicularia, 448 

 Sperosoma grimaldi, 252 

 Sphaer echinus, rate of development, 14 

 Sphaerium, 309, 367 



dispersal, 62 

 S. corneum, 292 

 Sphaerotilus, 550 

 Sphagnum bogs, 365 

 Spheniscus demersus, 386, 485 

 <S'. demersus Jiumboldti, 787 

 S. magellanicus, 386 

 S. mendiculvs, 386 

 Sphenodon, 94, 123, 12(1 

 Sphenoeacus, 389 

 Sphenognathus, 109 

 Sphinx nerii, monophagous, 19 

 Spiders, arctic, 509 



primitive, 109 

 Spio fuliginosus, 174, 190 

 Spirastrella, variation, 82 

 Spirographis, 190 

 Spirogyra, 292 

 Spirorbis, 246 



Spirotreptes seychellarum, 400 

 Spirula, 126, 226, 265, 268 

 Spix and Martius, 68 

 Spondylus, 216 

 Spongilla, 84, 333 

 S. lacustris, 290 

 Spongodes, 153 

 Spring overturn, 323 

 Springs, with high temperatures, 374 



with low temperatures. 373 

 Spray zone, 196 

 Spumelaria, 266 

 Squalus blainvillei, 278 

 Squilla cruposa, 59 

 Stancovic, 96 55 , 358 62 

 Stauder, 419 58 



Stauronotus maroccanus, 459 

 Steatornis, 528, 529 

 Stegmatoptera, 108, 183 

 Steinen, 468 62 

 Steinhardt, 420 144 , 468 6 . 29 

 Steinmann, 318 6 , 319 15 



Steinmann and Graeter, 537 3 

 Stejneger, 96 s 

 Stenobathic, defined, 58 

 Stenobathic forms, 249 

 Stenohaline, defined, 13 

 Stenohaline animals, 165 

 Stenohygric, defined, 13 

 Stenohygric animals, 378 

 Stenohygric insects, 398 

 Stenophagous, defined, 19 

 Stenothermal, defined, 14 

 Stenothermal animals, 382 

 Stenothermal land animals, 381 

 Stenothermy, 158 

 Stenotopic, defined, 121 

 Stenozonal forms, 495 

 Stephens, 300 2 

 Steppe period in Europe, 99 

 Steppes, animal communities, 451 



bee fauna, 461 



insects, 459 



vertebrates, 462 

 Sterna, 481, 486 

 S. fuliginosa, 487 



Steuer, 22 29 , 96 18 , 163 66 , 247 3 , « 376" 

 Stimpson, 162 25 

 Stoddard, 556 8 

 Stoichactis, 216, 220 

 Stoliczka, 504 45 

 Stoll, 120 69 , 504 43 

 Storch, 134 47 , 163 46 

 Straits of Gibraltar, connections, 111 



isotherms of sea water, 157 

 Straits of Magellan, tide, 179 

 Straits of Messina, currents in, 154 



richness of plankton, 171 

 Strata in the rain-forest, 428 

 Stratification in lakes, direct, 323 



inverse, 323 

 Stratiomys, 373 

 Stratiotes aloides, 329 

 Stream subdivisions, 304 

 Stresemann, 418 26 , 419 43 

 Strix aluco, 543 

 Strom, 357 3 

 Strongylocentrotus, 152 

 S. drobachiensis, 193 

 S. lividus, 200 

 Strontium sulphate, 165 

 Struggle for existence, 404 



