362 APPENDIX I 



part of the hull. These precautions will best be seen in the 

 sections (Figs. 3 and 4). Under each beam in both decks were 

 placed diagonal stays of fir (6 x 10 inches), almost at right angles 

 to the ship's sides, and securely fastened to the sides and to the 

 beams by wooden knees. There are 68 of these stays distributed 

 ©ver the ship. In addition, there are under the beams three rows 

 of vertical stanchions between decks, and one row in the lower 

 hold from the keelson. These are connected to the keelson, to the 

 beams, and to each other by iron bands. The whole of the ship's 

 interior is thus filled with a network of braces and stays, arranged 

 in such a way as to transfer and distribute the pressure from 

 without, and give rigidity to the whole construction. In the 

 Aigine and boiler room it was necessary to modify the arrange- 

 ment of stays, so as to give room for the engines and boiler. 

 All the iron, with the exception of the heaviest forgings, is 

 galvanized. 



When Otto Sverdrup was to use the Fram for his Polar expedi- 

 tion, he had a number of alterations carried out. The most im- 

 portant of these consisted in laying a new deck in the fore part of 

 the ship, from the bulkhead forward of the engine-room to the 

 stem, at a height of 7 feet 4 inches (to the upper side of the 

 planks) above the old fore-deck. The space below the new deck 

 was fitted as a fore-cabin, with a number of state-rooms leading 

 out of it, a large workroom, etc. The old chart-house immediately 

 forward of the funnel was removed, and in its place a large water- 

 tank was fitted. The foremast was raised and stepped in the 

 lower deck. A false keel, 10 inches deep and 12 inches broad, 

 was placed below the keel. A number of minor alterations were 

 also carried out. 



After the Fram returned in 1902 from her second expedition 

 under Captain Sverdrup, she was sent down to Horten to be laid 

 up in the Naval Dockyard. 



Not long after the vessel had arrived at the dockyard. Captain 

 Sverdrup proposed various repairs and alterations. The repairs 



