368 APPENDIX I 



a Downton pump is fitted, which can either be worked by hand or 

 by a small motor, which also serves to drive the sounding-machine, 

 and is set up on the after-deck. Forward of the starboard side 

 house is the spare rudder, securely lashed to deck and bulwarks. 

 On each side of the chart-house a bridge leads to the fore-deck, 

 with ways down to the workroom and fore-saloon. On the fore- 

 deck, a little forward of the mainmast, we find the two ship's 

 pumps proper, constructed of wood. The suction-pipe is of wood, 

 covered on the outside with lead, so as to prevent leakage through 

 possible cracks in the wood; the valves are of leather, and the 

 piston of wood, with a leather covering. The pump-action is the 

 usual nickel action, that was formerly general on our ships, and is 

 still widely used on smacks. These simple pumps have been shown 

 by experience to work better than any others in severe cold. The 

 fore-deck also has skylights over the fore-saloon, the main and 

 fore hatches, and finally the capstan. This is of the ordinary 

 horizontal type, from Pusnes Engineering Works; it is driven by 

 the motor below, as already mentioned. The capstan can also be 

 used as a winch, and it can be worked by hand-power. 



The Fram carries six boats : one large decked boat (29 x 9 x 

 4 feet) — one of the two large boats carried on Nansen's expedition — 

 placed between the mainmast and the foremast, over the skylight ; 

 three whale-boats (20 x 6 feet), and one large and one small 

 pram; the two last are carried on davits as shown in the drawing. 

 One of these whale-boats was left behind on the Ice Barrier, where 

 it was buried in snow when the ship left. It was brought ashore 

 that the wintering party might have a boat at their disposal after 

 the Fram had sailed. 



For warming the vessel it is intended to use only petroleum. 

 For warming the laboratory (chart-house) there is an arrangement 

 by which hot air from the galley is brought up through its forward 

 wall. 



The vessel was provided with iron chain plates bolted to the 

 timbers above the ice-skin. The mizzenmast is new. There was a 



