370 APPENDIX I 



placed to prevent the dogs falling overboard. For the upper deck 

 a loose wooden grating has been made, so that the dogs shall not 

 lie on the wet deck. Awnings are provided over the whole deck, 

 with only the necessary openings for working the ship. In this 

 way the dogs have been given dry and, as far as possible, cool 

 quarters for the voyage through the tropics. It is proposed to use 

 the ship's spars as supports for a roof of boards, to be put up 

 during the drift through the ice as a protection against falling 

 masses of ice. 



The Frairi's new engine is a direct reversible Marine-Polar- 

 Motor, built by the Diesel Motor Co., of Stockliolm. It is a Diesel 

 engine, with four working and two air-pump cylinders, and 

 develops normally at 280 revolutions per minute 180 effective horse- 

 power, with a consumption of oil of about 7f ounces per effective 

 horse-power per hour. With this comparatively small consumption, 

 the Frarns fuel capacity will carry her much farther than if she had 

 a steam-engine, a consideration of great importance in her forth- 

 coming long voyage in the Arctic Sea. With her oil capacity of 

 about 90 tons, she will thus be able to go uninterruptedly for 

 about 2,273 hours, or about 95 days. If we reckon her speed 

 under engine power alone at 4| knots, she will be able to go about 

 10,000 nautical miles without replenishing her oil-supply. It is a 

 fault in the new engine that its number of revolutions is very high, 

 which necessitates the use of a propeller of small diameter (5 feet 

 9 inches), and thus of low efficiency in the existing conditions. 

 This is the more marked on account of the unusual thickness of the 

 Frarns propeller-post, which masks the propeller to a great extent. 

 The position of the engine will be seen in Fig. 1. The exhaust 

 gases from the engine are sent up by a pipe through the after- 

 saloon, through its skylight, and up to a large valve on the bridge; 

 from this valve two horizontal pipes run along the after side of the 

 bridge, one to each side. By means of the valve the gases can be 

 diverted to one side or the other, according to the direction of the 

 wind. 



