410 APPENDIX V 



the gunboat Frithjof — all \\atli the object of investigating the 

 conditions in the North Atlantic. The fact that on these three 

 voyages observations were made approximately at the same time in 

 different parts of the ocean increases their value in a great degree, 

 since they can thus be directly compared; we are thus able to 

 obtain, for instance, a reliable survey of the distribution of 

 temperature and salinity, and to draw important conclusions as 

 to the extent of the currents and the motion of the masses of 

 water. 



Amundsen's trial trip in the Fram and Nansen's voyage in the 

 Frithjof were made with the special object of studying the Gulf 

 Stream in the ocean to the west of the British Isles, and by the 

 help of these investigations it is now possible to chart the current 

 and the extent of the various volumes of water at diflPerent depths 

 in this region at that time. 



A series of stations taken within the same region during INIurray 

 and Hjort's expedition completes the survey, and provides valuable 

 material for comparison. 



After sailing from Norway over the North Sea, the Fram passed 

 through the English Channel in June, 1910, and the first station 

 was taken on June 20, to the south of Ireland, in lat. 50° 50' N. 

 and long. 10° 15' W., after which thirteen stations were taken to 

 the westward, to lat. 53° 16' N. and long. 17° 50' W., where the 

 ship was on June 27. Her course then went in a northerly direc- 

 tion to lat. 57° 59' N. and long. 15° 8' W., from which point a 

 section of eleven stations (Nos. 15-25) was made straight across the 

 Gulf Stream to the bank on the north of Scotland, in lat. 59° 33' N. 

 and long. 4° 44' W. The voyage and the stations are represented 

 in Fig. 2. Temperatures and samples of water were taken at all 

 the twenty -four stations at the following depths: surface, 5, 10, 

 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 500 metres (27, 

 5-4, 109, 163, 21 8, 272, 408, 54 5, 817, 109, 163*5, 218, and 

 272"5 fathoms) — or less, where the depth was not so great. 



The Fram's southerly section, from Stations 1 to 13 (see Fig. 3), 



