420 



APPENDIX V 



ward. The former current is therefore comparatively cold and the 

 latter comparatively warm. This is clearly seen on the chart, 

 which shows the distribution of temperatures and salinities on the 

 surface. In lat. 20° S. it was only about 17° C. off the African 

 coast, while it was about 23° C. off the coast of Brazil. 



The salinity depends on the relation between evaporation and 

 the addition of fresh water. The Benguela Current comes from 



< S5X. ^5-3«•^ 36 -37^. >Z7'^ 



Fig. 7. — Salinities and Temperatures at the Surface in the 

 South Atlantic (June-August, 1911). 



regions where the salinity is comparatively low; this is due to 

 the acquisition of fresh water in the Antarctic Ocean, where the 

 evaporation from the surface is small and the precipitation com- 

 paratively large. A part of this fresh water is also acquired by 

 the sea in the form of icebergs from the Antarctic Continent. 

 These icebergs melt as they drift about the sea. 



Immediately off the African coast there is a belt where the 



