434 APPENDIX V 



point where the Frarris Station 44 was taken at the beginning 

 of August, 1911. Both these stations lay in about lat. 17'5° S., 

 approximately half-way between Africa and South America — that 

 is, in the region where a relatively slack current runs westward, 

 to the south of the South Equatorial Current. We can note the 

 difference in Fig. 13, which shows the distribution of temperature 

 at the two stations. The Challenger'' s station was taken during 

 the autumn and the Frarris during the winter. It was therefore 

 over 3° C. warmer at the surface in March, 1876, than in August, 

 1911. The curve for the Challenger station shows the usual dis- 

 tribution of temperature immediately below the surface in summer; 

 the temperature falls constantly from the surface downward. At 

 the Frarris station we see the typical winter conditions; we 

 there find the same temperature from the surface to a depth of 

 100 metres, on account of cooling and vertical circulation. In 

 summer, at the beginning of the year 1911, the temperature curve 

 for the Frames station would have taken about the same form 

 as the other curve; but it would have shown higher temperatures, 

 as it does in the deeper zones, from 100 metres down to about 

 500 metres. For we see that in these zones it was throughout 

 1° C. or so warmer in 1911 than in 1876; that is to say, there 

 was a much greater store of warmth in this part of the ocean 

 in 1911 than in 1876. May not the result of this have been that 

 the air in this region, and also in the east of South America and 

 the west of Africa, was warmer during the winter of 1911 than 

 during that of 1876? We have not sufficient data to be able 

 to say with certainty whether this difference in the amount of 

 warmth in the two years applied generally to the whole ocean, 

 or only to that part which surrounds the position of the station; 

 but if it was general, we ought probably to be able to find a 

 corresponding difference in the climate of the neighbouring 

 regions. Between 500 and 800 metres (272 and 436 fathoms) 

 the temperatures were exactly the same in both years, and at 

 900 and 1,000 metres (490 and 545 fathoms) there was only a 



