CHAP. III.] 



SKELETON OF THE HEAD AND TRUNK. 



37 



and somewhat concave from "before backwards. Its anterior and 

 posterior surfaces are flattened, but tbe former is somewhat convex 

 and the latter somewhat concave. The pedicles have their anterior 

 notches very shallow, but their posterior ones very deep. The 

 neural laminae are almost as wide from before backwards as from 

 side to side, and the neural arch overlaps that of the vertebra 



Th' 1(5. — Fifth Dorsai. Vi;rtebra. 



A. The vertebra seeu on its right side. 



B. Anteridr view. 



C. Posterior view. 

 h. Small tubercle. 



c. Centrum. 



d. Tubercular .surftice. 



p. Capitular surfaces. 

 *-. Neural spine. 

 t. Transverse process. 

 X. Anterior zygajiophysi-s. 

 5. Posterior zygapopliy.sis. 



next behind. The spinous process is very elongated, pointed and 

 inclined upwards and backwards. The zygapophyses are almost 

 horizontal, the anterior ones (Z) looking upwards and slightly 

 forwards and outwards ; the posterior ones (5) looking downwards 

 and slightly backwards and inwards. 



The transverse process (t) projects outwards from nearly the 

 summit of each pedicle, almost entirely hiding the anterior zyg- 

 apophyses when the vertebra is seen in profile. A little tubercle {b) 

 projects from the upper surface of the distal part of the transverse 

 process.* 



Like almost all the other dorsal vertebrae, the fifth dorsal exhibits 

 certain articular surfaces which are called costal, because they serve 

 for the attachments of the ribs. There are two kinds of such 

 surfaces. One kind, attached to the centrum, are called capitular, 

 because they articulate with the heads, or the capitula, of the ribs. 

 The other kind, attached to the transverse processes, are called 



* "Distal" and " proximal " are two ; fZtsteZ part of a limb ; that part of a limb 



words respectively expressing remoteness which joins the body is the 2^'''oximnl 



from and nearness to a centre or point of part. The tip of the tail is " distal ; " 



attachment. Thus, c.rj. the paw is the its root is "proximal." 



