CHAP. XIV.] 



TEE CATS HEXICOLOGY. 



507 



Ardocyon ifc has seven molar teeth in the upper jaw, the three 

 hindmost being tubercular. The tooth next in front of these three 

 is, however, of a more sectorial character than in the corresponding 

 tooth of Ardocyon. 



Cynodidis * is another upper eocene carnivore which closely 

 resembles Cynodon, but there are only two tubercular teeth behind 

 the upper sectorial. 



Amongst the forms of life of the uppermost eocene and lower 

 miocene may be mentioned Awphicyoii,-\ which is another well- 

 known fossil form allied to the dogs, from which it differs in that its 

 molars are less sectorial and more tubercular, and that it has a 

 third upper true molar. Its limbs are more bear-like than are 

 those of the dogs, and it was also plantigrade. 



Hycenardos t is a widely distributed form from the upper mio- 

 cene, which has marked affinities with that just noticed ; but its 

 tubercular teeth are still larger, and specimens of most recent date 

 (from the pliocene beds of Montpellier) have the tubercular teeth 

 more quadrangular in form and therefore still further removed from 

 the sectorial type, approaching more and more to the structure we 

 now find in the bears. 



Iditheriiim § is a genus of which various species have been 

 described ; some as large as a leopard. They are found in the 

 upper miocene or pliocene of Europe. It is intermediate in its 

 deutal structure between the civets and the hysenas, in that it has 

 a second upper tubercular molar. This tooth is different in size in 

 different species of the genus, being very small in /. hijyparionum. 



L lit rid is || is a miocene form from Auvergne which belongs to the 

 family of Miistelidce, but has a minute second upper molar. 

 M. Gaudry considers it allied to the otter. 



Galecynus ^ is a miocene and pliocene form which is very fox-like, 

 but has the first premolar smaller, and the third and fourth larger, 

 and all the teeth are more close- set and occupy a smaller space than 

 in the fox. The bones of the feet also are more robust. 



As to non-carnivorous mammals, it is evident that bats and 

 opossums (Didelphys), tapirs and rodents existed in Europe in 

 eocene times, while with the miocene period, apes, rhinoceroses, 

 giraffes, and hippopotami co-existed in our continent. Many 

 other forms might also be enumerated, but the above list may 

 be sufficient for our present purpose, as affording examples of eocene 

 and miocene mammals which present more or less interesting, 



* Gervais, Paleontol, Fran?., p. 216 ; 

 Filhors Ann. des Sc. Geol., 1876, vol. 

 vii., p. 66. 



f Gervais, Pal. Fran 5., p. 214, plate 

 28 ; Filhol, Ann. des Sc. Geol., vol. vii., 

 p. 55, figs. 23-26, and 41-43 ; Leddy, 

 Mammals of Nebraska and Dakota, 

 Jour, of Acad, of Nat. Sc. Philadel. vii. , 

 p. 31, Y)lates 1 and 5 ; Gaudry, L c, pp. 

 24 and 212, fig. 277. 



t Gervais, Paleon. Franj., p. 207, 

 plate 81; Gaudry, I. c, pp. 212, 213, 

 figs. 278 and 279. 



§ Gaudry, I. c, pp. 208, 21 6, and 217, 

 and figs. 274, 284, and 286. See also 

 his Fossils of Pikerni, p. 52, plates 7, 12. 



II Gaudry, Z. c, p. 219, fig. 290. 



"II Owen, Quarterly Journal of Geol. 

 Sos., vol. iii., 1847, p. 55. 



