CHAr. v.] THE CATS MUSCLES. 1:35 



The scaleni are eutli-cly on the dorsal side of tlie axillary vessels 

 and nerves. 



The recius capitis anticus major proceeds from the transverse pro- 

 cesses of all the cervical vertebra) to the basi- occipital. 



The rectus crq)ifis antic as minor springs from the atlas, on its 

 ventral aspect, and goes to the basi- occipital. 



The rectus lateralis proceeds from the transverse process of the 

 atlas to the paroccipital portion of the skull. It is hardly separable 

 from the obliquus capitis superior described below (Fig. 27, f). 



The longus coUi occupies the ventral aspect of the cervical and 

 anterior dorsal regions. Its fibres extend between the transverse 

 processes and bodies of the various vertebrae over which it passes, 

 with the exception of the axis, and terminate anteriorly on the 

 ventral surface of the atlas. It extends back to the body of the 

 sixth dorsal vertebra. 



The reef us capitis posticus major -passes from the neural spine of 

 the axis to the occiput. 



The rectus capitis j^osficus minor goes from the neural arch to the 

 occiput beneath the muscle last described. 



The obliquus ccqntis superior extends from the transverse process 

 of the atlas, to the paroccipital region. It is a short muscle. 



The obliquus capitis inferior is very large. It arises from the neural 

 spine of the axis, and is inserted into the transverse process of the atlas. 



The muscle named the splenius is a large one arising from the 

 whole length of the middle line of the neck, and from the anterior 

 dorsal neural spines. It is inserted into the outer part of the 

 lambdoidal ridge. 



The Complexus is a very large fleshy mass arising from the sides 

 of the last five cervical vertebra). 



It is inserted into the occipital region beneath the splenius. 



Another muscle, called Complexus tertius, consists of a series of 

 fleshy bundles which extend from the zygapophyses of the posterior 

 cervical vertebrae, to the transverse process of the atlas. 



The constrictors of the pharym' are muscles which enclose the 

 alimentary canal in the region of the throat, and form an elongated 

 bag of three successive muscular divisions called respectively the 

 inferior, middle, and sup)erior. They spring respectively from the 

 sides of the larynx, the hyoidcan cornua, the pterygoid bones, and 

 the mandible, and meeting in the middle line on the dorsal side of 

 the pharynx, are attached at their summit to the basi-occipital. 



The soft palate is formed in part by the help of two pairs of small 

 muscles; (1) the levator palati descends from the sphenoid, petrous and 

 tympanic bones. Its fibres radiating, in part meet those of its fellow of 

 the opposite side, and in part lose themselves in the side of the throat. 

 (2.) The circumflexus palati arises from the skull externally to the 

 foramen ovale, and externally to the origin of the levator palati. _ It 

 then descends obliquely, and ends in a flattened tendon which 

 passes inwards round the hamular process of the pterygoid, and 

 expands within the velum palati. 



