CONTENTS 



Chapter 1 



INTRODUCTION 1 



1. Zoology and Its Subsciences 1 



2. The Scientific Method 3 



3. History of Zoology 7 



4. Applications of Zoology 12 



Part I. General Concepts 



Chapter 2 



PROTOPLASM 13 



5. Characteristics of Living Things 14 



6. Protoplasm 16 



7. Chemical Composition of Protoplasm 19 



8. Organic Compounds of Biological Importance . 24 



9. Physical Characteristics of Protoplasm 30 



Chapter 3 



CELLS AND TISSUES 33 



10. The Cell and Its Contents 33 



11. Mitosis 39 



12. The Study of Cellular Activities 44 



1 3. Energy 47 



14. Molecular Motion 48 



15. Diffusion 49 



16. Exchanges of Material between Cell and 



Environment 50 



17. Tissues ^^ 



18. Body Plan and Symmetry 62 



vii 



73802 



