876 



INDEX 



Uropod, 294 

 Uropygial }^l;m(l. 472 

 Urostylc, 399 

 I'terinc contractions, 572 

 Uterus, 123. 4,'5G, 489, 570 

 Utriculus, 581 



Vaccination, 543 

 Vaccinia virus, 543 

 Vacuoles, 38 



contractile, 39 



food, 39 

 Vagina, 123, 570 

 Vagus nerve, 417, 524 

 Valves, 252 



Valvular intestine, 435, 521 

 Vanadium, 53 



van Leeuwenhoek, Antony, 10 

 Vane, 471 

 Variola virus, 543 

 Vas deferens, 123, 569 

 Vas efferens, 123, 414, 569 

 Vasoconstrictor nerves, 554 

 Vasodilator nerves, 554 

 Vasopressin, 622 

 Vegetal pole, 1 26 

 Veins, 86, 556 

 Veliger, 247, 284 

 Velum, 182 

 Vena cava, anterior, 410, 549 



posterior, 410, 549 

 Ventral abdominal vein, 410 

 Ventral aorta, 546 

 Ventral cirrus, 272 

 Ventricle, 86, 411, 545, 549, 598 

 Ventrolateral nerve cords, 208 

 Venus mercenaria, 253 

 Venus's flower basket, 176 

 Vermiform appendix, 521 

 Vertebrae, 130, 399, 448, 473, 508 



bird, 473 

 Vertebral column, 390, 399 

 Vertebrates, 389-648, 839 



beginnings of, 427 



characteristics, 389-391 



classes, 389-390 



organization, 393 fl". 

 Vertical stratification, 777 

 Vesalius, Andreas, 9 

 Vestigial organs, 728 

 Villi, 476, 523 



placental, 638 

 Vinegar eel, 228 

 Virchow, 34 

 Viruses, 712 



Visceral arches, 508, 510 

 Visceral ganglia, 249, 255 

 Visceral mass, 255 



Visceral peritoneum, 403 

 Visceral skeleton, 397, 508 

 Vision, 579 

 color, 339 

 Visual organelle, 151 

 Vitalism, 13 

 Vitamin A, 527 

 Vitamin B12, 527, 541 

 Vitamin D, 528 

 Vitamin K, 527, 541 

 Vitamins, 68, 83. 526, 527 

 Vitelline glands, 211 

 Vitreous humor. 578 

 Viviparous, 125, 436, 456 

 Vocal cords, 408, 532 

 Vocal sacs, 408 

 Volvox, 155 



von Baer. Karl Ernst, 10 

 von Frisch. Karl, 338 

 Vorticella, 832 



w 



Wagging dance, 349 

 Walking stick, 342 

 Wallace, Alfred Russell, 699 

 Wallace's line, 736 

 Walruses, 497 

 Warbles, 813 



Warm-blooded animals, 468 

 Warning coloration, 785 

 Wastes, elimination of, 92 



nitrogenous, 92 

 Water, 21, 83 



eff^ect on animal distribution, 761 

 Water cycle, 758 

 Water fleas, 300 

 Water vascular system. 368 

 Wave of depolarization, 105 

 Wax glands, 318 

 Wax spur. 318 

 Waxes, 27 

 Weasels, 497 

 Weberian ossicles, 582 

 Weidenreich, Franz, 747 

 Weismann, A., 34 

 Whale shark, 436 

 Whalebone, 498 



plates, 506 

 Whales, 497 

 Wheel animals. 220 

 Wheel organ, 222, 387 

 Whippoorwills, 482 

 White blood cells, 58, 542 

 White matter, 596 

 White races, 749 

 Wildlife resources, 824 

 Williams, Carroll, 331 

 Wilson, E. B., 287 

 Wilson, E. v., 180 



