238 



SUB-CLASS (and ORDER) TKLEOSTET. 



Centrolabrua Gthr. ; C. exoletua L., rock-cook ; Coris Lac, C. julia Gthr., 

 rainbow wrasse. Other genera are 



I 



Tautoga 



Lachnolaemue 



Malacopterus 



Cosayphus (Harpe) 



Chilinus 



Epibulus 



Anampses 



Platyglossus 



Iridio 



Halichoeres 



Novacula 



Julia 



Paeudodax 



Choeropa 



Xiphochilus 



Semicossyphua 



Trochocopus 



Decodon 



Pteragogua 



Cleptictia 



Labrichthya 



Labroidea 



Duymaeria 



Cirrhilabrua 



Doratonotua 



Paetidochilinus 



Hemigymnua 



Gomphoaua 



Cheilio 



Cymolutea 



Chlorichthya 



Xyrichthya 



Miistiua. 



Odax ; Coridodax Gthr. ; C. pullux, butter or kelp-fish of N. Zealand ; 

 Oliatheropa, S'iphonognathus. 



Fam. 93. Scaridae. Parrot- wrasses, close to preceding. Jaws form- 

 ing a sharp beak, the teeth being soldered together ; herbivorous fishes 

 especially abundant among coral reefs. Scarua Forsk., S. cretensis L., 

 Med., much esteemed as food by the Ancients ; Scarichthya, Cryptotormia 

 (Callyodon), Paeudoacarua, Cahtomua, Spariaoma. 



Tribe 2. SCOMBRIFORMES. Mackerel-hke fishes. 



No bony stay for preoperculimi. Spinous dorsal if distinct formed of 

 short or feeble slender spines. Pectoral arch similar to Perciformes, but 

 somactids more abbreviated. Pelvics thoracic ; caudal, if well developed, 

 with numerous rays deeply forked at the base. This tribe is not capable 

 of exact definition. It includes marine fishes, with few exceptions. 



Fam. 94. Scombrldae. Mackerels. Fusiform, naked or with smaU 

 scales, eyes lateral, dentition well developed, two dorsal fins, generally 

 finlets ; pelvics thoracic with 1 spine and 5 rays ; more than 10 

 abdominal, never more than 14 caudal vertebrae ; pseudobranch 

 large ; air-bladder small or absent ; most pelagic, valued as food, and 

 widespread ; their muscles receive a greater supply of blood and nerves 

 than in other fishes, and are of a red colour, and their temperature is several 

 degrees higher than in other fishes ; spawn in the open sea. Extinct 

 forms in the Eocene and Miocene. Scomber L., S. acomber L., the com- 

 mon mackerel without air-bladder ; S. pneumatophorua with air-bladder ; 

 Alexia C. et V. ; A. rochei Gthr. ; Thynnua Cuv. (Thunnua) (Orcynus 

 Liitken), Th. thynnua, the tunny, one of the largest fishes, to 10 ft. ; 

 Th. pelamya, the bonito, pursues flying fish ; some of the other species 

 (? separate geniis Oermo Jordan) are provided wi^h very long pectoral 

 fins and are called by sailors " albacore." Pelamya C. et V. (Sarda 

 Cuv.), P. sarda C. and V. ; Cybium Cuv. (S comber omoru^ Lac). Acan- 

 thocybium Gill ; Ehachicentron Kaup (Elacate C. et V. ) may be placed 

 here. 



Fam. 95. Gempylldae. Fishes of the high seas, widespread, descending 

 to considerable depths, usually breeding about rocky islands, most 

 used as food. Bipinnula J. and E., Ruvettua Cocco, Epinnula Poey, 

 Nealotus Johns., Oempylus C. et V. 



Fam. 96. Lepidopidae. Transitional between muscular mackerel 



