LACERTILIA. 353 



squamosal arches ; autero-lateral walls of skull coinplotely closed by bono 

 as in Ophidia ; buiTovvors, may live in ant's nests and manure heaps, can 

 progress backwards, and forwards in their barrows by slight vertical 

 undulations ; Amer., W. Indies, Africa and round Mediterranean. 

 Chirotee Cuv., Mexico, California, Platte River ; Blanus Wagl., borders of 

 Mediterranean ; Amphisbaena L. (Fig. 193), trop. Amer. and Afr. ; Anopa 

 Bell, S.E. S.-Amer., W. Afr. ; Oeocalamus E. Afr. ; Monopeltis Smith, Afr.; 

 Rhineura Cope, Florida ; Lepidosternon Wagl., S. Amer. ; Trogonophis 

 Kaup, N.-W. Afr. Pachycalamus Gthr., Socotra ; 

 Agamodon Ptrs., E. Afr. 



Fam. 16. Lacertidae. Pleurodont ; tongue long, 

 1)ifid, with papillae or folds ; pterygoid often with 

 teeth ; pterygoids and palatines separate mcsially ; 

 postorbital and postfronto-tcmporal arches complete, 

 temporal fossa roofed over by large postfrontals and 

 by osteodorms ; no osteodermson body; limbs well 

 developed, pentadactyle ; tail long, brittle ; some 

 genera have a transparent patch in the lower eyelid, 

 so that they can see when the eye is shut {Eremias, 

 Cahrita etc. ), and in Ophiops the lower eyelid is fused 

 with the upper ; about 20 genera and 100 species. 

 Old World, but not in ^Madagascar or Australia. 

 Acanthodactylm Wiog., S. Spain and Portugal, Afr. 

 n. of eq., S.W. Asia; Algiroides Bibr., E. coast of 

 Adriatic, (Jreece, Sardinia, Corsica ; Aporoaaura 

 Blgr., W. Afr. ; Cahrita, Gr., India ; Eremiaa Wiegm., 

 Afr., Asia ; Gastropholia Fisch., E. Afr. ; Holaapia 

 Gr., W. Afr. ; Ichnotropia Ptrs., Afr. s. of eq. 

 Lacerta L., Eur., N. and W. Asia, Afr. north of 

 equator, L. vivipara Jacq. the common English Liz- 

 ard, the only reptile found in Ireland ; the young 

 are hatched in the uterus or directly after the eggs 

 are laid ; L. agilia L. sand lizard, also found in S. 

 of. England ; L. viridis Laur., found in Jersey ; L. 

 ocellata Daud. the eyed-Lizard, S. France, N.W. of 

 Italy, Spain, Portugal ; L. muralia Laur., S. Eur., N. 

 Afr., Asia Minor, Lutnstia Bedr., E. Afr., Arabia ; 

 Nticraa Gv., trop. and S. Afr. ; Op/ttops Men., Turkey. 

 N.-Afr., Asia ; Poromcra Blgr., W. Afr. ; Paammo- 

 dromua Fitz., S.W. Eur., N. Afr. ; iScaptoVa Wieg., C. 

 Asia, S. Afr. ; Tachydromua Daud., E. Asia, Japan, 

 Ind. Archipelago ; Tropidomura Fitz., S. Afr. 



Fam. 17. Gerrhosauridae. Pleurodont, with ^^^^ io3.-^,„,^n»/.«ena 

 osteoderms on head and body ; limbs sometimes fulif/inosa (R6gue 

 reduced ; Africa S. of Sahara, and Madagascar. Ger- animal). 

 rhoaaurua Wiog., Tctradaclylua Merr., Cordylosaurua 

 Gr., Zonoaaurua Blgr., Madagascar ; Trachelopty chits Ptrs., Madagascar. 



Fam. 18. Scincidie. Pleurodont, with strongly developed osteoderms 

 on head and body ; tongue scaly, feebly nicked ; preinaxillaries sometimes 

 separated ; cranial arches complete ; limbs may be reduced or absent, but 

 this feature is not an indication of afThiity within the family , there may bo 

 a transparent disc on the lower eyelid ; all are viviparous ; nearly 30 

 genera, and 400 species, cosmopolitan including Pacific Islands. 



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