234 SUB-CLASS (and order) teleostei. 



Beryx Cuv., with large ctenoid scales, air-bladder with duct, deep-sea, 

 is found fossil in the chalk ; Polymixia, Aphredoderus, Plectromus, Scope- 

 logadus, Anoplogaster, Caulolepia, Trachichthys, Gephyroberyx, Myripriatis, 

 Holocentrum. 



Fam. 63. Monocentridae with Monocentris. 



Fam. 64. Pempheridae, Pempheris, air-bladder divided into an 

 anterior and posterior portion ; Bathyclupea Alcock, with pneumatic 



duct. 



Fam. 65. Cyphosidae. Pacific and Indian Oceans. Cuphosus Lac. 

 {Pimelepterus Lac), Hermosilla, Sectator. 



Fam. 66. Lobotidae. Medialuna, Lobotes, very wide range. 

 Fam. 67. Centrarchidae. Sun-fishes, f. w. of N. Amer., most build 

 nests, valued as food. Pomoxis, Centrarchus, Acantharchus, Ambloplites, 

 Archoplites, Chaenobryttus, Enneacanthus, Mesogonistius, Apomotis, 

 Lepomis, Eupomotis, Micropterus Lac. [Huro C. and V.), black bass, 

 acclimatised in Eur., Elassoma, Kuhlia. 



Fam. 68. Toxotidae. Toxotes Cuv., f. w. and coasts of E. Indies and 

 Australia, has the habit of throwing a drop of water at an insect near 

 the surface to make it fall in. 



Fam. 69. Nandidae. Small carnivorous fresh-water fish from W. Air., 

 S.-E. Asia and S. Amer. Nandus. 



Fam. 70. Percidae. No sub-ocular lamina of the suborbitals ; ento- 

 pterygoid present ; anterior vertebrae without transverse processes ; 

 all or most of the ribs inserted on to the transverse processes ; two nostrils 

 on each side ; gill membranes free from the isthmus ; 6-8 branehiostegals ; 

 giUs 4, a slit behind the 4th ; pseudobranch variously developed, rarely 

 absent ; pharyngeal bones separate ; soft portion of dorsal fin not much 

 more developed than anal ; latter with ] or 2 spmes. F. w. fishes of 

 temp. N. hemisphere. Perca Art. Eur. C. and N. Asia, E.N. Amer. ; 

 P. fluviatilis Rond., the perch. Lucioperca Cuv., pike-perches ; Percina 

 (Pileoma) ; Etheostoma Raf., darters, N. Amer., E. of Rockies ; also 

 from E. of N. Amer. are Boleosoma, Ulocentra, Diplesium, Ammocrypta, 

 Crystallaria ; Aspro C. and V. (Zingel), Cent. Eur. ; Percarina Nord., 

 rivers discharging into Black Sea and Sea of Azov ; Acerina, Eur. and N. 

 Asia, A. cernua L., the pope. 



Fam. 71. Cheilodipteridae. Cardinal-fishes; small fishes of the tropics, 

 abundant in the E. Ind., some f. w., some mar.; colour often bright 

 red. Ambassis Commers., the smallest Percoids, some not much more 

 than 1 in., trop. Tndo-Pac. and f. w. of that area. Apogon Lac, coral-fishes, 

 on or near coral reefs, a few enter f. w. ; Apogonichthys, Chilodipterus, 

 Acropoma, Scombrops, Olossaniia, Epigonus, Amiichthys, Hypoclydonia ; 

 Pomatomus Risso, Med. and Atl. deep-water. 



Fam. 72. Serranidae. Sea-bass. Second sub-orbital with an internal 

 lamina supporting the globe of the eye ; entopterygoid present. Anterior 

 vertebrae without transverse processes ; all or most of the ribs inserted 

 on the transverse processes where these are developed. Two nostrils on 

 each side ; 6 or 7 branehiostegals ; anterior vertebrae, ribs, gill mem- 

 branes, nostrils, gills, pseudobranch, pharyngeal bones (except 

 Centrogenys, in which they are united), dorsal fin as in Percidae. Carni- 

 vorous fish, chiefly mar., foiuid in all warm seas and some in f. w. 

 One of the largest famiUes of fishes, about 550 species ; Percichthys Gir. 

 f. w. of Chili, W. Argentina, Patagonia ; Percilia Gir., f. w.. Chili ; 

 Lateolabrax Bleek, and Niphon C. and V., coasts China and Japan ; 



