MARSUPIALIA. 529 



pouch in wliich the single egg is placed, Australia, Tasmania, N. Guinea ; 

 E. aculeata Shaw. Proechidna Gervais (1877), New Guinea, usually with 

 tliree clawed digits on each Hmb and traces of the other digits. 



Fam. 2. Ornithorhynchidae. Covered with a dense soft fur ; with 

 the facial portion of the snout broad and elongated and covered with a 

 leathery skin produced into a fold at the base of the snout ; with homy 

 molar teeth in old specimens and true teeth up to half growth (p. 527) ; 

 feet webbed, with 5 clawed toes, the web on the fore foot extending beyond 

 the claws ; they are aquatic in habit, and form burrows in the banks of 

 streams, with two openings, one above and one below the water ; they 

 are beUeved to lay two eggs in a nest in the burrow. Austraha and Tas- 

 mania. Ornitherhjnchus Blumenb. (1800), water mole, duck-billed Platy- 

 pus ; 0. anatinus Shaw. 



Order 2. MARSUPIALIA.* 



(Sometimes called Metatheria or Didelphia.) 



Mammalia with various dentition and epipubic (marsupial) 



bones. The mammary glands have teats which are usually enclosed 



in a marsupial pouch in which the young are carried. An allantoic 



placenta is usually absent. 



The principal characteristic of the Marsupials is the possession 



by most of them of a sac or pouch [marsupium) which is supported 



by two epipubic (marsupial) bones (Fig. 276), encloses the 



teats of the mammary glands, and receives the helpless young 



at birth. Birth takes place at an early stage of development. 



Even in Macropus giganteus, the males of which attain almost 



the height of a man, the period of gestation does not last more 



than tliirty- nine days, and the embryo at buth is blind and 



naked, and not much more than an inch in length. It is 



placed in the pouch by the mother, sucks firmly on to one of 



the teats, and remains in the pouch for a considerable period. 



As additional characters may be mentioned the double 



vagina, the position of the scrotum in front of the penis, the 



inclusion of the anus and of the opening of the urinogenital 



sinus by a common sphincter, the vacuities in the palate, the 



participation of the ahsphenoid in the tympanic bulla, the 



inflection of the angle of the lower jaw, the absence of the 



corpus callosum, the absence of a fossa ovalis from the auricular 



* Owen, " Marsupialia," in Todd's Encyclopaedia of Anat. and Physiol. 

 1 847. Waterhouse, Natural History of Mammalia, 1 , London, 1846. Oldfield 

 Thomas, British Museum Catalogue of Marsupialia and Monotremata, 

 London, 1888. R. Lydekker, Handbook to the Marsupialia and Mono- 

 tremata, in Allen's "Naturalists' Library," 1894. Bensley, Evolution 

 of the Australian Marsupialia, etc., Trans. Lin. Soc. (2), 9, p. 83. 



Z-li M M 



