DIPROTODONTIA. 537 



vorous and extracts honey fi-om flowers ; Papua and Australia, 3 

 species. Dactylopsila Gray, Papua and N. Australia. Petauroides 

 Thomas, with flying membrane, Queensland to Victoria, 1 species. 

 Pseudochirus Ogilb., Tasmania, AvistraUa, N. Guinea ; about 10 

 species. Trichosuriis Less. (Fig. 282), large size, Australia and 

 Tasmania ; 2 species. Phalanger Storr (Cuscus), largish size, Austro- 

 Malaya from Celebes to Queensland, 5 species ; Ph. ursinus and 

 celebensis from Celebes. Archizomirus, Palaeopetaurus, Burramys 

 have been described from the Pleistocene of Australia. 



Sub-fam. 3. Phascolarctinae. Muzzle short, tongue not extensile ; 

 tail absent ; caecum large ; cheek pouches present. Phascolarctus 

 Blainv., the kaola or native bear, S. E. Austraha, two feet in length 

 and a good climber, 1 species. 



Fio. i9,2.—TrichoBurus vitlpinus (from Claus). 



Sub-fam. 4. Thylacoleontinae. Large, extinct forms from the 

 Pleistocene of Australia ; dentition t f c J p f m i, last premolar 

 being large and trenchant, Uke that of the rat-kangaroos. The orbit 

 is completely surrounded by bone, which is not the case in any other 

 marsupial. It was probably a phalanger-like animal, mainly herbiv- 

 orous, but possibly partly carnivorous. Thylacoleo Owen, Pleis- 

 tocene, Australia. 

 Fam. 3. Phascolomyidae. Fossorial, root-eating forms wit!i stout, 

 clumsy body. Limbs subequal ; manus with 5 subequal digits, pes 

 with 4 strong toes and a short nailless hallux, digits 2 and 3 showing a 

 slight tendency towards syndactylism : tail reduced to a stump ; stomach 

 simple with cardiac gland; caeciun short, with vermiform appendix; 

 pouch present. Dentition H c % p \ m i, all teeth with persistent 

 pulps, incisors rodent-Hke, 'wdth enamel only on front surface, milk pre- 

 molar not known ; Tasmania and S. Australia. Phascolomys E. Geoff., 

 wombat, 3 species. Extinct forms from the Pleistocene of AustraUa are 

 Phascolonus Ow., nearly as large as a tapir, Sceparywdon Ow. 



Fam. 4. Diprotodontidae. Extinct forms from the Pleistocene of 

 AustraHa. Diprotodon Ow., very large fonns of the size of a rhinoceros, 

 resembling Macropii^s but with subequal limbs; palate fully ossified; 



