NOMARTHRA. SIRENIA. 549 



Manis L., with 7 species, in Bxirmah, Malacca, Java, Borneo, China, 

 Formosa, Ceylon, India, Africa. Two extinct genera from the Eocene 

 of France, Necromanis, Leptomanis Filhol. 



Fam. 2. Orycteropodidae (Tubulidentata). Hairy body with thoracic 

 and inguinal mammae, and long ears. Dentition diphyodont, the milk 

 teeth not cutting the gum~, — , not all in place at same time, the 3 

 posterior are without predecessors ; the teeth contain parallel tubular 

 prolongations of the central pulp-cavity. SkuU with complete zygoma 

 and well developed premaxillae, annular tympanic not ankylosed, large 

 lacrymal ; mandible slender with coronoid. Vertebrae C7, D13, L8, S6, 

 C27I Clavicles present. Manus without pollex, pes pentadactyle ; 

 femur with a third trochanter. Tongue vermiform, submaxillary gland 

 much developed. Stomach in two portions, a cardiac with thick Uning 

 and a muscular pyloric with tliin lining. A caecum is present. Testes 

 inguinal, descending temporarily into a scrotum ; penis small. Uterus 

 double, placenta broadly zonary. Burromng animals, Uving near ant- 

 hills ; Africa. Orycteropus Gm., aardvark, or Cape anteaters, two 

 species, O. capensis Gm., the aardvark of S. Africa ; 0. aethiopicus Sundev. 

 N. E. Afr., extending into Egypt ; an extinct species gaudryi, from I\Iio- 

 cene of Samos and Persia. The extinct Palaeorycteropua Filhol, from the 

 Eocene of France. 



Order 4. SIRENIA.* (Sea-cows.) 

 Short-necked, thick-skinned, aquatic herbivorous animals, naked 

 or with very sparse hairy covering, with separate anteriorly 

 directed external nares, two pectoral mammae, fin-like anterior 

 limbs and horizontally flattened caudal fin. The posterior limbs 

 are absent. 



The Sirenia are aquatic animals, living in the sea near the 

 coast, in estuaries and in rivers. They are herbivorous and 

 feed on seaweed or freshwater grasses. Their bones are heavy 

 in consequence of which they are able the more easily to He 

 on the bottom when they are feeding. They have small eyes 

 with a third eyehd, the nostrils are separate from one another 

 and placed on the front of the head, and the ears are without 

 pinnae. The fore-hmb is paddle-like and very moveable at all 

 its joints. The digits— five in number— are enclosed in a 



* J F. Brandt, Sirenae Sirenologicae, St. Petersburg, 1846, 61 and 68. 

 Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1838, p. 29. W. Turner, Placenta of Dugong ; 

 Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 35, 1889, p. 641. J. Mmie, On the form and 

 structure of the manatee, Trans. Zool. Soc, 8, 1872, p. 127, and 11, 1880, 

 p 19 A Crane, Notes on the habits of manatees m captivity m the 

 Brighton Aquariiun, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1881, p. 456. Hartlaub, Beitrage 

 z Kenntnis der Manatus-arten, Zool. Jahrb., 1886, p. 1. Kukenthal, 

 Vergl. anat. u. entwick. Unters. an Sirenen, Denkschr. Med. Nat. Ges. 

 Jena, 7, 1897, p. 1, and Ent. der Sirenen, Verh. D.Z. Ges., 1, 1897, p. 140. 

 R. Lydekker, Catalogue of fossil mammalia in the British IMuseum.^ H 

 Woodward, On the fossil and living Sirenia, Geol. Mag., 2, 1835, p. 12. 



