ARTIODACTLAY, HIPPOPOTAMIDAE. 



)83 



fo'feenensz's is a small species with only two incisors in the lower jaw, Liberia 

 (formerly called choeropsis) ; extinct species from all over the Old World, 

 including Madagascar (not in Australia), Pliocene and Pleistocene. 



All the above families 

 have tuberculated mo- 

 lars. 



We now come to 

 a number of extinct 

 forms in which the 

 tubercles of the molars 

 are connected by low 

 ridges, so that they 

 may be called buno- 

 lophodont. They are 

 intermediate forms 

 leading to the Rumi- 

 nantia. The Caeno- 

 theridae and Xiphodon- 

 tidae show affinities to 

 living groups. The 

 others though inter- 

 mediate between Suidae 

 and Ruminantia show 

 no special affinity to 

 any hving group 



Fam. 4. Anthracoth- 

 eriidae.* Extinct forms, 

 Eocene and Miocene. 

 i 5 c i p i m i ; u. 

 molars with 4 tubercles 

 and an intermediate 

 tubercle in the anterior 



half of the tooth, molars tending to selenodonty ; tetradactyle hmbs, 

 inner and outer toes rather smaller than the middle, metacarpals and 



Fig. 304 



Hyopotamus velaunus Cuv. Skull, A Iroin below, 



B from the side (after Kowalevsky, from Zittel). 



Fio. 304 \)ii.—Anoph>therium lotipes Gerv., Upper Eocene. A the two hmder upper pre- 

 molars and the anterior molar. B the two hinder lower molars. The cusps are lettered 

 as follows • a antero-external, 6 antero-mternal, 6' antero-mtermediate, c postero- 

 external, d postero-internal ; a antero-internal, ^ antero-external, y postero-external ; 

 /3', ^', y the tliree inner tubercles (nat. size, from Zittel). 



metatarsals not fused (Fig. 303); ungual phalanges pointed. Anthra- 

 cotherium Cuv., Hyopotamus Ow. (Ancodus Pomel), Merycopotamus 

 Falconer, u. molars with 4 tubercles only. 



Fam. 5. Anoplotheriidae.f Extinct, Eocene and Miocene ; i § c \ 

 p i m § ; teeth in a continuous row, without gaps as in man ; molars 

 seleno-bunodont, u. molars with an intermediate tubercle (Fig. 304 bis, A, b) 



* W. Kowalevsky, On the Osteology of the Hyopotamidae, Phil. Trans., 

 1873. t Cuvier,' Ossem. Foss., 3, 1812. 



