640 INSECTIVORA. 



the common shrew, and S. minutus, which is rarer ; in the former 

 there is a gland opening on each side of the body and emitting an 

 odoriferous fluid. Soriculus Blyth, Oriental. Notiosorex Coues, C. 

 Amer., Mexico. Blarina Gray, N. American short-tailed shrew. 

 Crossopus Wag., if c ^ p ^ m I, m-inogenital opening and anus 

 enclosed in a common ring, ears small, tail long, aquatic ; C. fodiens, 

 the water-shrew, of Britain (not Ireland), Europe, Asia ; is con- 

 siderably larger than the common shrew. 



Sub-fam. 2. Crocidurinae. Teeth white. Myosorex Gray, 

 i s. c ^ p y^,5- m |, terrestrial, Africa. Crocidura Wag., terres- 

 trial, with cloaca, about 70 species, Em\, Afr., Asia. Diplomesodon 

 Brandt, terrestrial, 1 sp., Asia. Anurosorex M.-Edw., mole-like, 

 terrestrial, 2 sp., Asia. Chimarrogale Anderson, aquatic Asia, 2 sp, 

 Nectogale M.-Edw., aquatic 1 sp., Thibet. Fossil forms as far back 

 as the Eocene. 

 Fam. 5. Talpidae. Fossorial, rarely natatorial or cursorial forms, 

 with fore-limbs generally modified for digging and anteriorly placed ; 

 humerus short, articulating with scapula and clavicle ; tibia and fibula 

 united ; without symphysis pubis ; with elongated skull, slender zygoma, 

 and tympanic bulla ; without postorbital process ; without caecum ; 

 i 1°;?. c y„\^ p i;°| m f ; i, c and p vary much in form, m with 

 W-shaped cusps. Eyes small and sometimes covered by the skin. Ears 

 short and concealed by the fur. Penis pendent in front of the anus. 

 Clitoris Hke the penis and traversed by urethra. The moles possess an 

 elongated radial sesamoid {os falciforme), articulating with the scaphoid. 

 Nearctic, Palaearctic, and N. parts of Oriental. 



Sub-fam. 1. Myogallnae. W^ithout os falciforme. Myogale Cuv., 

 with webbed feet, aquatic, 2 sp., Eur., Asia. M. moschata, the 

 desman, S.-E. Russia, 16 in. in length ; M. pyrenaica, Pyrenees. 

 Urotrichus Tem., mole-shrews, fossorial, Japan and N. Amer., 2 sp. 

 Sub-fam. Talpinae. Manus with os falciforme. Scalops Cuv., 

 N. Amer., 3 sp. Scapantis Pomel., 3 sp., N. Amer. Condylura 111., 

 1 sp., N. Amer. The above are New World moles. The following 

 are Old World moles. Scaptonyx M.-Edw., 1 sp., Thibet. Talpn 

 L., moles, usual dentition, « | c | p f m |, 5 sp. ; T. europaea 

 the common mole, eye small, but uncovered, tail long and hairy ; 

 the sternum is keeled, the humerus and clavicle short and powerful, 

 a very powerful burrower, voracious, hunting earthworms, Palae- 

 arcsic. 

 Fam. 6. Adapisoricidae. Extinct, L. Eocene. 



Fam. 7. Potamogalidae. Without clavicles, zygomatic arches, and 

 postorbital processes ; tympanic annular. The male and female organs 

 and anus open within the same fold of integument, and the penis can be 

 wholly retracted. Ethiopian. Potamogale Du Chaillu, a long animal, 

 nearly 2 feet in length, inhabiting the banks of streams; W. Afr. 

 Geogale M.-Edw., Madagascar. 



Fam. 8. Solenodontidae. Without zygomatic arches and postorbital 

 processes ; tympanic annular. Penis pendent and anterior, testes re- 

 ceived into perineal pouches ; upper molars tritubercular ; mammae 

 two, placed on the buttocks ; single genus. Solenodon Brandt, Cuba 

 and Hayti. 



Fam. 9. Centetidae. Without zygomatic arch and postorbital pro- 



