CHIROPTERA. 647 



They are the most highly organised of insectivorous bats. Temperate 

 and tropical parts of the Old World (not found in Polynesia). Rhino- 

 lophus E. Geoffr., with compUcated nose-leaf, and ear with large anti- 

 tragus, wings large, i^c\pf'm^; more than 20 sp. R. hippo- 

 siderus, the lesser horseshoe bat, Eur., South of England and Ireland ; R. 

 ferrum-equinum, the greater horse-shoe bat, England to Japan and Capo 

 of Good Hope. Triaenops Dob., with very remarkable nasal appendage 

 and ears, Persia, Afr., Madagascar, 3 sp. Rhinonycteris Gray, I sp., Aus- 

 tralia. Phyllorhina Bonap. 1831 (Hipposiderus Gray, 1834), i \ c \ 

 p I m |, 25 sp., trop. and sub-trop. parts of Asia, Malayasia, Australia 

 and Afr. Anthopa Thos., 1 sp., Solomon Is. Coelops Blyth, 1 sp., 

 India. 



Fam. Nycteridae. With distinct cutaneous appendages on the margins 

 of the apertures of the nostrils, with large united ears with well-developed 

 tragi ; the premaxillae are cartilaginous or small ; upper incisors 

 absent or small in the centre of the space between the canines ; Ethiopian, 

 Oriental. Megaderma E. Geoff., 2 sp. Asia, 2 sp. Afr., 1 sp. Australia ; 

 M. lyra, eat frogs and probably small mammals, India. Nycteris E. 

 Geoff., Afr. 6 sp., Java 1 sp. 



Fam. Vespertilionidae. Simple terminal nostrils without cutaneous 

 appendages, ear with tragus, middle finger with 2 phalanges, with a long 

 tail contained and produced to the hinder margin of the large interfemoral 

 membrane ; i |°;|^ c \ p |°',| m |, molars with W-shaped cusps, 

 upper incisors separated by a wide .space and placed near the canines ; 

 16 genera, and over 190 sp., in all temp, and trop. regions. Antrozous 

 Allen, 1 sp., CaUfomia. Nyctophilus Leach, 3 sp., Australasia. Synotus 

 Keys, and Bias., ifcipfmf, 2 sp.,*?. 6or6as<eZiwa, the barbastelle, 

 Britain, Eur., and a Himalayan sp. Plecotus E. Geoif ., ifcipfm^; 

 3 sp., 2 of which are N. American ; P. aurittts, the long-eared bat of this 

 country, ranging to India. Evidemia Allen, 1 sp., California. Oto- 

 nycteris Ptrs., 1 sp. Africa and Asia. Vesperugo Keys, and Bias., 

 i ^°'i c \ p 1"^ w |, cosmopoUtan, over 70 species, includes the 

 common bats of most countries ; the British species are V. serotinus, 

 the serotine bat ; V. noctula ; V. leisleri and V . pipistrellics, the pipis- 

 trelle. Chalinolohus Ptrs., 8 sp., Australian and Ethiopian. ScotopJulus 

 Leach, 12 sp., Ethiop., Orient, and Austr. Regions. Nycticejus Raf., 

 1 sp., Amer. Atalapha Raf., 9 sp., Amer., Sandwich and Galapagos 

 Islands. Harpiocephalus Gray, 1 sp. Japan, 8 sp. from the Himalayas 

 to the Malay Arch. Vespertilio Keys, and Bias., tfcipfm-^, 

 cosmopolitan, 50 sp., 4 of which are British ; V. bechsteini, Bechstein's 

 bat ; V. nattereri, the reddish-grey bat ; V. daubentoni, Daubenton's 

 bat ; V. tnystacinus, the whiskered bat. Kerivoula Gray, Ift sp.. Oriental, 

 Ethiopian. Thryoptera Spix., 2 sp., S. Amer. Myxopoda A. M.-Edw., 

 1 sp., Madagascar. The last two genera have hollow suctorial organs 

 on the base of the poUex and on the soles of the feet. Miniopterus Bon., 

 throughout the Eastern Hemisphere, 5 sp. 



Fam. Emballonuridae. With truncated muzzle; without nose -leaf, 

 with generally large, often united, ears ; with short, sometimes minute 

 tragi ; the tail is partially free, either perforating the interfemoral mem- 

 brane and appearing upon its upper surface or produced far beyond its 

 posterior margin : the first phalanx of the middle finger is folded in 

 repose toward the upper surface of the metacarpal bone ; dentition 

 variable. Tropical and sub-tropical regions of both hemispheres. 



